Reference soil Netherlands 29: Podzol

NL029

Distribution of Podzols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Rooting in gravelly layer below 50 cm is marginally. Permeability of Bh is not measured. Litter layer consists of decomposed mixture of needles, grass. Profile has number 10.4 in series of Bosbouw en Cultuurtechnische School Velp

WRB 1998:

Haplic Podzol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Carbic Podzol

Humic Podzol

0-0 cm	albic E horizon
0-0 cm	spodic B horizon

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Arenic

Haplohumod

USDA-SCS (1975)

Arenic

Haplohumod

sandy

mesic

Classification (other)

Haarpodzol

Location:

Prov. of Gelderland, N of Arnhem, Forest of Rozendaal

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)	Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-6	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6-14	3	3.3	15.2	33.3	35.5	3.8	91.1	7.8	0.2	8	0.8
14-26	14	6	14.9	32.9	37.3	3.5	94.6	2.9	2.1	5	0.4
26-33	38	11.8	22.9	33.7	24	1.6	94	1.3	4.7	6	0
33-56	38	8.2	21	41.6	26.7	0.9	98.4	0.4	0.2	0.6	1
56-96	66	33.7	37.1	17.6	8.8	0.2	97.4	1.1	0.7	1.8	0.7
96-116	15	10.8	36.6	38.8	9	0.2	95.4	0.2	1	1.2	3.5
116-146	10	2.4	17.1	61.9	14.1	0.3	95.8	0.2	0.4	0.6	3.6

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-6	-	-	-	-	-
6-14	-	-	-	-	0.8
14-26	-	-	-	-	0.4
26-33	-	-	-	-	0
33-56	-	-	-	-	1
56-96	-	-	-	-	0.7
96-116	-	-	-	-	3.5
116-146	-	-	-	-	3.6

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-6	3.7	2.7	0.13	-	23.6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6-14	3.7	2.7	0.14	-	5.40	-	-	-	-	0.4	0.3	0	0.1	0.8
14-26	3.9	3.1	0.05	-	1.30	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.2	0.2
26-33	3.5	3.2	0.2	-	9.20	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.5	0.5
33-56	4.2	4.3	0.05	-	0.60	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.6	0.6
56-96	4.3	4.5	0.04	-	0.20	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.4	0.4
96-116	4.3	4.5	0.03	-	0.10	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.0	1.1
116-146	4.3	4.4	0.03	-	0	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.5	0.5

Depth (cm)	CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
6-14	12.2	-	-	-	7	-	-
14-26	3.0	-	-	-	7	-	-
26-33	33.6	-	-	-	1	-	-
33-56	3.7	-	-	-	17	-	-
56-96	1.1	-	-	-	42	-	-
96-116	1.0	-	-	-	110	-	-
116-146	1.7	-	-	-	28	-	-

Profile description:

O 0-6 cm	needles slightly, abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah 6-14 cm	black (10YR 2/1, moist), fine sand, weak very fine crumb, very friable non sticky non plastic, many fine continuous interstitial random pores highly porous (>60 vol%), abrupt smooth boundary to,
E 14-26 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/2, moist), fine sand, single grain, very friable non sticky non plastic, many fine continuous tubular random pores highly porous (>60 vol%), abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bh 26-33 cm	(7.5YR 2/no, moist), fine sand, porous massive, friable non sticky non plastic, many fine continuous interstitial random pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%), clear wavy boundary to,
Bs/Bhs 33-56 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6, moist), coarse sand gravelly, single grain, loose non sticky non plastic, many fine continuous tubular random pores, gradual irregular boundary to,
C1 56-96 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6, moist), coarse sand gravelly, single grain, loose non sticky non plastic, many fine continuous interstitial random pores highly porous (>60 vol%), gradual smooth boundary to,
C2 96-116 cm	very dark brown (10YR 2/2, moist), coarse sand gravelly, very friable non sticky non plastic, common fine continuous tubular random pores highly porous (>60 vol%), clear smooth boundary to,
C3 116-146 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist), coarse sand gravelly, very friable non sticky non plastic, common fine continuous interstitial random pores highly porous (>60 vol%),

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	colluvial
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	gravelly
Depth1 of lithological boundary	50 cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (2nd entry)	ice-pushed materials
Texture of parent material (2nd entry)	sandy
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	50 cm
Remarks on Parent Materials	Drenthe formation ?

Current land use at the site	afforestation
Major crops
Main type of irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	deciduous forest
Status of vegetation

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	52 m asl
Regional landform	fluvio-glacial plain
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	edge of fluvioplain and dunes
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	1 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	flat
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Slope Aspect of the site

Depth of groundwater table	cm
Groundwater Top	cm
Groundwater Bottom	cm
Kind of groundwater table	no groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	20 cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	27 cm
Runoff	medium
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage Class	moderately well
To Drainage Class	well
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	0-150 cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Pattern	none
Microrelief Height	0
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost
Evidence of salt
Evidence of alkali

Soil erosion type (1st entry)
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability

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Reference soil Netherlands 29: Podzol