Reference soil Nicaragua 01: Fluvisol

NI001

Fluvisols typically are young soils in alluvial, deltaic, lacustrine, or marine deposits, and occur all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils having fluvic soil material starting within 25 cm from the soil surface and continuing to a depth of at least 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than a histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, umbric, yermic, salic, or sulfuric horizon.

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil NI001: Fluvisols

Only very occasionally flooding by the Rio Escalante will occur. Riverine forest, dominant species are: Pithecelobium saman (Genicaro), Trichilia hirta (Palo de piojo), Thounidium decandrum (Melero), Capparis spp. (Naranjillo), Gyrocarpus americanus (Talatate), Tabebuia chrysantha ssp. neochrysantha (Cortez), Sterculia apetata (Panama) Short soil description: very deep, well drained, dark brown loam; very porous and well rooted throughout.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Mollic- Fluvisol

0-57 cm	mollic horizon
-	fluvic

0-57 cm	mollic horizon
-	fluvic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Pachi-Mollic Fluvisol

Eutric Fluvisol

0-57 cm	mollic A horizon
-	fluvic

0-57 cm

mollic A horizon

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Ustifluvent ustic loamy isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	0.0	0.1	0.5	18.9	18.1	37.6	16.3	22.3	38.6	23.8
20-60	-	0.0	0.4	1.3	14.6	18.1	34.4	17.8	22.2	40.0	25.6
60-70	-	0.0	0.1	2.7	43.1	15.4	61.3	8.8	14.2	23.0	15.5
70-90	-	0.0	0.1	0.1	3.1	20.0	23.3	24.5	26.0	50.5	26.2
90-140	-	0.0	0.1	0.2	2.5	19.2	22	25.3	26.1	51.4	26.6
140-160	-	0.0	23.3	31.9	14.2	4.6	74	3.4	11.4	14.8	11.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
7-12	1.163	-	-	-	-
0-20	-	-	-	7.2	23.8
38-43	1.105	-	-	-	-
20-60	-	-	-	9.7	25.6
95-100	1.228	-	-	-	-
60-70	-	-	-	7.3	15.5
70-90	-	-	-	7.7	26.2
90-140	-	-	-	7.6	26.6
140-160	-	-	-	8.6	11.2

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
7-12	1.163	47.9	45.5	41.7	38.0	31.4	30.8	24.4	19.8
38-43	1.105	49.0	46.5	40.9	36.2	29.5	28.9	23.7	19.1
95-100	1.228	47.7	47.7	45.0	41.0	32.9	32.2	26.4	21.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-20	7.3	6.7	0.31	1.6	1.72	0.19	9	-	-	37.9	2.4	1.1	0.1	41.5
20-60	7.4	6.5	0.22	1.5	1.33	0.15	9	-	-	34.8	2.1	0.7	0.1	37.7
60-70	7.8	6.6	0.13	1.6	0.32	0.05	6	-	-	31.6	1.7	0.5	0.1	33.9
70-90	7.8	6.8	0.19	2.0	0.86	0.12	7	-	-	45.7	2.1	0.5	0.3	48.6
90-140	7.9	6.8	0.19	1.8	0.86	0.11	8	-	-	52.9	1.7	0.5	0.2	55.3
140-160	8.2	6.8	0.12	1.9	0.17	-	-	-	-	35.9	1.4	0.3	0.3	37.9

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-20	123	33.8	142	6.0	-	-	0
20-60	110	34.3	134	4.7	-	-	0
60-70	129	26.2	169	1.1	-	-	0
70-90	137	35.6	136	3.0	-	-	1
90-140	152	36.3	136	3.0	-	-	1
140-160	160	23.7	212	0.6	-	-	1

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	0.18	0.13	-	-	-	-	-	0.30
20-60	-	-	-	0.19	0.13	-	-	-	-	-	0.28
60-70	-	-	-	0.15	0.16	-	-	-	-	-	0.20
70-90	-	-	-	0.18	0.14	-	-	-	-	-	0.20
90-140	-	-	-	0.19	0.15	-	-	-	-	-	0.22
140-160	-	-	-	0.14	0.13	-	-	-	-	-	0.20

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-20	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-	weak	very strong	-
20-60	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-	weak	very strong	-
60-70	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-	weak	very strong	-
70-90	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-	weak	very strong	-
90-140	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-	weak	very strong	-
140-160	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-	weak	very strong	-

Profile description

Ah 0-20 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)loam,moderate fine subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many medium continuous inped tubular random pores and many tubular pores,very frequent worm channels and coprogenic elements,diffuse smooth boundary to,
Bw1 20-57 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)loam,weak to moderate very fine subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,common medium tubular pores and many tubular pores,frequent worm channels,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bw2 57-64 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist)LS,very weak very fine subangular blocky,loose non sticky non plastic,many very fine tubular pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bw3 64-83 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)loam,weak to moderate very fine subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,few medium tubular pores and many tubular pores,few worm channels,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bw4 83-95 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)loam,moderate very fine subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,few medium tubular pores and many tubular pores,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	Rio Escalante alluvium
Soil Depth	150cm
Texture of parent material	loamy
Weathering Resistance	moderate

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	non-agricultural land
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Riverine forest, dominant species are Pithecelobium saman (Genicaro), Trichilia hirta (Palo de piojo), Thounidium decandrum (Melero), Capparis spp. (Naranjillo), Gyrocarpus americanus (Talatate), Tabe
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	primary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous forest

Altitude	0m
Physiographic Unit	terrace
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial plain
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	irregular
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	very slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Nicaragua 01: Fluvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil NI001: Fluvisols

Classification