Reference soil Nigeria 01: Ferric Luvisol

NG001

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil NG001: Ferric Luvisols

Profile forms part of IITA-LRD-ISM cooperative program IITA Toposequence, profile no.55 Survey marker CP 108 Examined: 8 february 1973 by F.R. Moormann and E. Chijoke Classification: INRA: Sol ferrallitique faiblement désaturé, remanié, faiblement rajeuni ou pénevolué. Parent material: Gravelly slope colluvium over residium from weathered banded gneiss. Surrounding landform: rolling with V-shapedvalleys in a trellis pattern Climatic data: Normal growing season (with dry period), dry days: 120, interm.days: 70, wet days: 175 Season begins on 7 march. Begin humid on 9 april. Humid period ends on 1 aug. Begin humid on 29 aug. Humid period (62 days) ends on 29 oct. End of season 7 nov. Total length of season is 246 days Brief general description of the profile: A deep reddish clayey soil with a sandier brownish surface soil and with a distinct stone line. In horizon 3 subangular quartz gravels, some quartz stones(8-10cm diameter). In horizon 4 subangular quartz gravel, mostly <1cm diam. In horizon 5 mottles both lighter and darker than matrix, fine angular quartz gravels, locally a tilted angular quartz vein, descending in the underlaying horizons. In horizon 6 mottles: mainly reddish yellow(weathered feldspar), red and black soft (Fe/Mn nodules), some saprolite increasing in size and number with depth. In horizon 7 multicoloured, saprolite with faint rock structure, increasingly clear with depth, fine quartz gravel; soft Fe/Mn nodules, many fine mica flakes In thesis W.J. Veldkamp also in MSc thesis P.Korvah, LUW, Wageningen Slides: ISRIC no. 2610, 2611 Photographs 74:9

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Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-11	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1	0	-	-	-	-	-
11-20	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1	0	-	-	-	-	-
20-45	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
45-70	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
70-90	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
90-110	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0	0	-	-	-	-	-
110-120	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.1	0	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-11	8.7	0.11	3.9	0.15	0.09	-	81.2	0.78
11-20	10.3	0.08	4.4	0.14	0.05	-	78.7	0.77
20-45	13.6	0.07	5.2	0.13	0.07	-	74.1	0.77
45-70	21.0	0.09	7.8	0.11	0.11	-	60.4	0.84
70-90	21.9	0.1	8.8	0.10	0.1	-	57.0	0.87
90-110	22.3	0.09	9.3	0.10	0.09	-	56.1	0.83
110-120	22.1	0.1	10.6	0.09	0.09	-	54.7	0.87

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-11	3.5	5.9	0.15	0.04	15.8	55.4	12.3
11-20	3.7	6.1	0.14	0.02	13	47.6	10.2
20-45	4.1	7.3	0.10	0.02	9.2	37.9	7.4
45-70	4.2	10.9	0.10	0.01	4.9	20.6	3.9
70-90	3.9	11.2	0.10	0.01	4.4	17.2	3.5
90-110	3.8	11.7	0.11	0.01	4.3	16.1	3.4
110-120	3.3	11.8	0.10	0.01	4.2	13.7	3.2

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-11	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	very weak	very weak to weak	-	-
11-20	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	very weak	very weak to weak	-	-
20-45	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	very weak	very weak to weak	-	-
45-70	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	very weak	very weak	-	-
70-90	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	very weak	very weak	-	-
90-110	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	very weak	very weak	-	-
110-120	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-	very weak	very weak	-	-

Sand mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Heavy Frac. sand % w/w	K-Feldspar % w/w	Light Fra. sand % w/w	Opaque % w/w	Plagioclase % w/w	Quartz % w/w
0-11	-	-	-	83	-	100
11-20	-	1	-	85	1	98
20-45	-	-	-	86	-	100
45-70	-	1	-	85	-	99
70-90	-	1	-	86	1	98
90-110	-	-	-	87	1	99

Minerals

Depth (cm)	Anatase % w/w	Andalusite % w/w	Apatite % w/w	Augite % w/w	Biotite % w/w	Hornblende (basaltic) % w/w
0-11	2	-	-	-	-	2
11-20	-	-	-	-	-	1
20-45	-	-	-	-	-	3
70-90	1	-	-	-	-	1
90-110	2	-	-	-	-	2

Depth (cm)	Brookite % w/w	Chloritic % w/w	Disthene % w/w	Epidote % w/w	Garnet % w/w	Glaucophane % w/w
0-11	-	-	-	42	-	-
11-20	-	-	-	36	-	-
20-45	-	-	-	40	-	-
45-70	-	-	-	35	-	-
70-90	-	-	-	43	-	-
90-110	-	-	-	36	-	-

Depth (cm)	Grenate % w/w	Grossular % w/w	Muscovite % w/w	Rutile % w/w	Sillimanite % w/w	Spinel % w/w
0-11	1	-	-	1	5	-
11-20	1	-	-	2	2	-
20-45	-	-	-	1	3	-
45-70	-	-	-	-	2	-
70-90	-	-	-	1	3	-
90-110	-	-	-	3	5	-

Profile description

Ah 0-12 cm	brown (7.5YR 5/2, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist)sandy loam,moderate fine crumb,slightly hard,many fine interstitial pores and common tubular pores,clear wavy boundary to,
12-20 cm	reddish brown (5YR 5/3, dry) reddish brown (5YR 5/3, moist)sandy clay loam slightly gravelly,weak fine subangular blocky,slightly hard,many fine tubular random pores,clear smooth boundary to,
2B 20-40 cm	yellowish red (5YR 4/6, moist)sandy clay loam very gravelly,moderate fine subangular blocky,hard slightly sticky slightly plastic,silica thick cutans,many fine tubular random pores and few pores,frequent small spherical ferruginous concretions frequent small spherical manganiferous concretions,gradual smooth boundary to,
2Bt1 42-92 cm	yellowish red (5YR 4/6, moist)clay gravelly,moderate to strong fine subangular blocky,hard slightly sticky slightly plastic,broken thick cutans,many fine tubular random pores,frequent small spherical ferruginous concretions manganiferous,clear wavy boundary to,
3Bt2 92-117 cm	yellowish red (5YR 4/6, moist)clay gravelly,moderate to strong fine subangular blocky,firm slightly plastic,common fine faint mottles and common medium faint mottles,broken thick cutans,common fine tubular pores,small spherical soft ferruginous concretions charcoal,gradual wavy boundary to,
3BC 117-160 cm	yellowish red (5YR 4/6, moist)clay slightly gravelly,moderate fine angular blocky and moderate medium subangular blocky,firm slightly sticky slightly plastic,many fine distinct mottles and many medium distinct mottles,broken thick cutans,common fine tubular pores,gradual wavy boundary to,
3C 160- cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)sandy clay slightly gravelly,moderate medium subangular blocky,firm,many medium distinct mottles and many coarse distinct mottles,patchy thick cutans,common fine few pores,concretions,

Depth1	20cm
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	gneiss
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	colluvial
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	residual material
Texture of parent material (second entry)	gravelly

Major crops	oil palm
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	(semi-)natural vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Neglected cocoa grove,sec.forest+oilpalm
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	secondary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	closed forest

Altitude	223m
Physiographic Unit	side of small plateau
Physiographic position of the site	upper slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	4%
Slope Aspect	south
Form of the slope surrounding the site	concave
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	0cm
Depth to groundwater table	0cm
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	200cm

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Reference soil Nigeria 01: Ferric Luvisol

Reference soil NG001: Ferric Luvisols

Classification