Reference soil Norway 03: Cambisol

NO003

Cambisols occur mainly in the temperate and boreal regions of the world, where the soil’s parent material is still young or where low temperatures slow down the processes of soil formation.

Characteristics

Soils having either a cambic horizon (a horizon showing evidence of alteration with respect to the underlying material), or a mollic horizon overlying a subsoil, which has a base saturation of less than 50 percent in some part within 100 cm from the soil surface, or one of the following diagnostic horizons within the specified depth: an andic, vertic, or vitric horizon starting between 25 and 100 cm; a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon starting between 50 and 100 cm, in absence of loamy sand or coarser textures above these horizons.

Distribution of Cambisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil NO003: Cambisols

Classification

WRB 1998

Dystri-Fluvic- Cambisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Fluvi-Dystric Cambisol

Dystric Cambisol

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Dystrudept
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Dystrochrept udic coarse-loamy siliceous frigid

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
3-13	-	-	-	-	-	-	41.0	37.6	16.2	53.8	5.2
13-23	-	-	-	-	-	-	42.4	38.3	14.1	52.4	5.2
23-31	-	-	-	-	-	-	44.3	36.6	14.2	50.8	4.9
33-39	-	-	-	-	-	-	43.4	36.2	14.1	50.3	6.3
39-55	-	-	-	-	-	-	58.3	28.2	10.4	38.6	3.1
55-68	-	-	-	-	-	-	54.3	34.2	8.8	43	2.7
68-88	-	-	-	-	-	-	51.3	38.2	7.3	45.5	3.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
3-13	-	-	-	-	5.2
13-23	-	-	-	-	5.2
23-31	-	-	-	-	4.9
33-39	-	-	-	-	6.3
39-55	-	-	-	-	3.1
55-68	-	-	-	-	2.7
68-88	-	-	-	-	3.2

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
3-13	4.3	3.8	0.1	-	5.98	0.39	15	-	-	0.1	0.2	0.1	0.1	0.5
13-23	4.5	4.0	0.05	-	3.22	0.20	16	-	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4
23-31	4.7	4.1	0.04	-	1.77	0.11	16	-	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4
33-39	4.4	3.8	0.05	-	4.10	0.22	19	-	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4
39-55	4.8	4.2	0.03	-	1.43	0.08	18	-	-	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.2
55-68	5.0	4.3	0.02	-	0.65	0.03	22	-	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.4
68-88	5.2	4.4	0.02	-	0.35	0.02	18	-	-	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.1	0.3

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
3-13	-	-	-	20.9	-	-	-
13-23	-	-	-	11.3	-	-	-
23-31	-	-	-	6.2	-	-	-
33-39	-	-	-	14.3	-	-	-
39-55	-	-	-	5	-	-	-
55-68	-	-	-	2.3	-	-	-
68-88	-	-	-	1.2	-	-	-

Profile description

O 0-3 cm	(10YR 2/3, moist)mosses slightly,loamy very fine sand,weak medium crumb,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),highly porous (>60 vol%),few medium irregular soft charcoal unspecified inclusions,non calcareous,non calcareous,clear wavy boundary to,abrupt smooth boundary to,
13-23 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)loamy very fine sand,weak fine and medium subangular blocky,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few medium irregular soft charcoal unspecified inclusions,non calcareous,clear wavy boundary to,
2Ahb 33-39 cm	yellowish red (5YR 4/6, moist)dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist),loamy very fine sand,loamy very fine sand,porous massive,weak medium and coarse subangular blocky,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few medium irregular soft charcoal unspecified inclusions,non calcareous,non calcareous,clear wavy boundary to,clear wavy boundary to,
2BC 39-55 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)loamy coarse sand,single grain,few mottles (10YR 3/3),moderately porous (40-60 vol%),non calcareous,gradual smooth boundary to,
2C1 55-90 cm	(5Y 5.5/2, moist)loamy very fine sand,single grain,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),non calcareous,abrupt smooth boundary to,
3C2 90-120 cm	coarse sand very gravellysingle grain,highly porous (>60 vol%),very frequent coarse gravel and stones weathered quartzite fragments,non calcareous,

Depth1	85cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	colluvial
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	colluvium on alluvial terrace
Soil Depth	85cm
Texture of parent material	loamy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock (second entry)	slightly

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	forestry
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Picea excelsa with undergrowth of mosses, Vaccinicum and Carex
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous forest

Altitude	30m
Physiographic Unit	alluvial terrace
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	mountain
Slope	2%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	concave
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	mountainous

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-85cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Norway 03: Cambisol

Characteristics

Reference soil NO003: Cambisols

Classification