Reference soil Peru 03: Arenosol

PE003

Arenosols occur over large areas in Africa, central and western Australia, the Middle East and central China. Smaller areas are found along coastlines all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils with a loamy sand or coarser texture either to a depth of at least 100 cm from the soil surface, or to a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. They contain less than 35 percent (by volume) rock fragments or other coarse fragments within 100 cm from the soil surface and have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric, yermic or albic horizon, a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon below 50 cm from the soil surface, or an argic or spodic horizon below 200 cm below the soil surface.

Distribution of Arenosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil PE003: Arenosols

Short field description A very deep, excessively drained, white to light gray sand. The top horizon (Ah) may be divided in two thin layers: 0-3 cm dark colour and 3-11 cm a bleached colour. The deep subsoil horizon C2 has a more bleached colour than the overlying C1 horizon. The soil site is located in a sand quarry. The white sands belongs to the Iquitos Formation, " X " in the climatic data refers to cloud cover in eights.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Arenosol (Eutric)

Eutric- Arenosol

0-21 cm

ochric horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Albi-Haplic Arenosol

Albic Arenosol

0-21 cm	ochric A horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

0-21 cm	ochric A horizon
-	albic material

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Quartzipsamment
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Quartzipsamment perudic siliceous isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-11	-	0.3	5.6	42.9	39.7	5.7	94.2	3.7	1.7	5.4	0.4
11-21	-	0.3	6.4	42.9	38.5	5.4	93.5	7.0	2.2	9.2	0.6
21-34	-	0.3	6.2	42.5	38.7	5.6	93.3	3.6	2.7	6.3	0.4
34-93	-	0.4	5.1	40.5	41.0	5.4	92.4	3.7	3.5	7.2	0.4
93-145	-	0.3	5.5	41.1	40.2	5.8	92.9	2.7	3.8	6.5	0.4

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-11	-	-	-	0.5	0.4
11-21	-	-	-	0.5	0.6
21-34	-	-	-	0.0	0.4
34-93	-	-	-	0.0	0.4
93-145	-	-	-	0.0	0.4

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-11	4.4	3.4	0.05	-	1.01	0.06	17	0.6	0	1.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	1.3
11-21	4.4	3.7	0.04	-	0.43	0.02	22	0.3	0	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.7
21-34	4.7	4.1	0.03	-	0.12	-	-	0.1	0	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.6
34-93	5.7	5.6	0.01	-	0.03	-	-	-	-	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.3	0.6
93-145	5.0	4.7	0.02	-	0.06	-	-	0.1	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-11	46	2.8	700	3.5	-	0	4
11-21	41	1.7	283	1.5	-	0	18
21-34	120	0.5	125	0.4	-	0	60
34-93	86	0.7	175	0.1	-	-	43
93-145	0	1.2	300	0.2	-	0	0

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-11	-	weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	strong	-	-
21-34	-	weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	strong	-	-
93-145	-	strong	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	strong	-	-

Rare clay minerals

Depth (cm)	Amphibole	Augite	Calcite	Lepidococrite	Pyrophillite	Pyroxene	Weddelite
0-11	-	-	-	-	very weak	-	-
21-34	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-
93-145	-	-	-	-	weak	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-11 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)loamy medium sand,structureless single grain,loose,few pedotubules,clear smooth boundary to,
AC 11-21 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist)medium sand,structureless single grain,loose,gradual smooth boundary to,
CA 21-34 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, moist)medium sand,structureless single grain,loose,diffuse smooth boundary to,
C1 34-93 cm	light grey (10YR 7/2, moist)medium sand,structureless single grain,loose,diffuse smooth boundary to,
C2 93-145 cm	light grey (10YR 7/2, moist)medium sand,structureless single grain,loose,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	Tertiary Iquitos formation
Soil Depth	145cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Weathering Resistance	high

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Intensity of the soil erosion type	slight
Soil erosion type	sheet
Slope stability	stable

Major crops	fruit crops
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	low level mixed farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Fruits (pineapple and 'maranon'). LANDUSE:
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop rotation scheme not relevant
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	modified
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	evergreen shrub

Altitude	130m
Physiographic Unit	dissected river terrace
Physiographic position of the site	slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial plain
Slope	5%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	excessive
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	level
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Peru 03: Arenosol

Characteristics

Reference soil PE003: Arenosols

Classification