Reference soil Peru 07: Gleysol

PE007

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil PE007: Gleysols

Short field description A very deep, moderately well drained, light gray, clay loam. The texture below 65 cm is sand. The upper horizon contains some fragments of carbon resulting from the burning of the trees. The site is located in a somewaht higher part of the floodplain of the Shanusi river. Flooding frequency is less than annually, probably restricted to years with more than average discharge. The original vegetation is a evergreen forest. Present land use is irrigated rice. water is pumped from the river.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Fluvic- Gleysol (Alumic)

Alumic- Gleysol

11-47 cm	cambic horizon
-	reducing conditions
-	gleyic colour pattern

0-11 cm	ochric horizon
11-47 cm	cambic horizon
-	gleyic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Alumi-Dystric Gleysol

Dystric Gleysol

0-11 cm	ochric A horizon
11-47 cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon
-	gleyic

0-11 cm	ochric A horizon
-	hydromorphic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-7	-	0.1	0.2	3.6	35.2	13.6	52.7	4.5	11.8	16.3	31.2
7-11	-	0.1	0.2	2.9	33.4	11.4	48.0	3.8	12.4	16.2	36.0
11-35	-	0.0	0.1	5.0	43.2	5.7	54.0	1.7	9.0	10.7	35.1
35-47	-	0.0	0.1	8.7	58.0	6.2	73.0	0.2	5.9	6.1	20.8
47-65	-	0.0	0.0	6.9	56.6	6.2	69.7	2.1	5.3	7.4	22.9
65-130	-	0.0	0.1	8.8	74.0	7.4	90.3	1.8	2.0	3.8	6.0
130-150	-	0.0	0.0	4.4	77.3	7.7	89.4	0.5	2.0	2.5	8.1

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-7	-	-	-	6.8	31.2
7-11	-	-	-	9.5	36.0
11-35	-	-	-	14.4	35.1
35-47	-	-	-	10.2	20.8
47-65	-	-	-	14.1	22.9
65-130	-	-	-	2.5	6.0
130-150	-	-	-	2.5	8.1

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-7	5.2	4.5	0.18	-	2.89	0.32	9	0.5	0.2	10.6	2.1	0.3	0.4	13.4
7-11	5.2	4.2	0.12	-	2.21	0.28	8	1.6	0.9	10.4	2.1	0.3	0.0	12.8
11-35	5.1	3.9	0.03	-	0.30	0.05	6	9.8	8.3	3.9	0.7	0.3	0.1	5.0
35-47	5.1	3.9	0.02	-	0.17	0.03	6	7.3	5.7	2.0	0.3	0.2	0.0	2.5
47-65	5.1	3.9	0.02	-	0.15	0.03	5	7.9	5.9	2.2	0.3	0.2	0.1	2.8
65-130	5.3	4.2	0.02	-	0.01	-	-	1.4	0.7	1.2	0.3	0.1	0.1	1.7
130-150	5.3	4.1	0.02	-	0.04	-	-	1.0	0.5	1.6	0.7	0.1	0.1	2.5

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-7	71	19.0	61	10.1	-	1	2
7-11	61	21.0	58	7.7	-	4	0
11-35	29	17.0	48	1.1	-	49	1
35-47	29	8.5	41	0.6	-	67	0
47-65	28	9.9	43	0.5	-	60	1
65-130	94	1.8	30	0.0	-	39	6
130-150	76	3.3	41	0.1	-	15	3

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-7	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	strong	-	weak	very strong	-
7-11	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	strong	-	weak	very strong	-
11-35	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	strong	-	weak	very strong	-
35-47	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	strong	-	weak	very strong	-
47-65	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	very strong	-	weak	strong	-
65-130	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	-	weak	strong	-
130-150	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	-	weak	strong	-

Rare clay minerals

Depth (cm)	Amphibole	Augite	Calcite	Lepidococrite	Pyrophillite	Pyroxene	Weddelite
0-7	-	-	-	weak	-	-	-
7-11	-	-	-	weak	-	-	-
11-35	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	-
35-47	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	-
47-65	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-7 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)sandy clay loam,moderate medium granular,firm,frequent worm channels,clear smooth boundary to,
7-11 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist)sandy clay,moderate medium subangular blocky,very firm,few worm channels,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bg 11-35 cm	light grey (10YR 7/1, moist)sandy clay,moderate coarse subangular blocky,very firm,many medium distinct clear mottles (7.5YR 6/6),broken thin clay and humus on vertical pedfaces cutans,few worm channels,clear smooth boundary to,
BCg 35-47 cm	light grey (10YR 7/2, moist)sandy clay loam,weak coarse subangular blocky and moderately coherent massive,firm,many medium distinct clear mottles (7.5YR 5/8),gradual wavy boundary to,
Cg 47-65 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, moist)sandy clay loam,weakly coherent porous massive,firm,many medium distinct clear mottles (7.5YR 5/4),abrupt wavy boundary to,
2C1 65-130 cm	light brown (7.5YR 6/4, moist)Description sand,weakly coherent porous massive,very friable,common fine diffuse mottles (7.5YR 5/8),abrupt wavy boundary to,
2C2 130-150 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/3, moist)Description sand,structureless single grain,very friable,few fine distinct clear mottles (7.5YR 5/8),

Depth1	65cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	Quaternary sediments
Soil Depth	160cm
Texture of parent material	sandy clay
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
Weathering Resistance (second entry)	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock (second entry)	slightly

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Slope stability	stable

Major crops	rice
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	paddy
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Trees (yanabara, citachi, sucahuito) LANDUSE:
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	secondary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	evergreen forest

Altitude	190m
Physiographic Unit	middle terrace
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial terrace
Slope	2%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-160cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	very slow
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	level
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Peru 07: Gleysol

Characteristics

Reference soil PE007: Gleysols

Classification