Reference soil Peru 20: Arenosol

PE020

Arenosols occur over large areas in Africa, central and western Australia, the Middle East and central China. Smaller areas are found along coastlines all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils with a loamy sand or coarser texture either to a depth of at least 100 cm from the soil surface, or to a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. They contain less than 35 percent (by volume) rock fragments or other coarse fragments within 100 cm from the soil surface and have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric, yermic or albic horizon, a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon below 50 cm from the soil surface, or an argic or spodic horizon below 200 cm below the soil surface.

Distribution of Arenosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil PE020: Arenosols

Short field description A very deep, well to slightly excessively drained, (light) brown loamy sand. Soil profile located in volcanic deposit with pyroclastic loose materials. The man-made terraces are cultivated for about 50 years with irrigation. " X " in the climate data refers to the cloud in eighths.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Ferralic- Arenosol (Tephric Eutric Hyperochric)

Tephri-Ferralic- Arenosol (Hypereutric)

-	tephric
-	ferralic

0-53 cm	ochric horizon
-	tephric
-	ferralic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Sodi-Haplic Arenosol

Vitric Andosol

0-53 cm	ochric A horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

0-53 cm

ochric A horizon

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Torripsamment
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Vitrandept aridic mixed isothermic

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	4.0	12.1	16.3	33.2	18.4	84.0	7.7	4.7	12.4	3.5
10-25	-	3.3	9.4	14.9	30.4	20.4	78.4	11.6	6.7	18.3	3.4
25-53	-	2.4	7.3	13.9	30.3	24.3	78.2	12.9	6.3	19.2	2.7
97-150	-	2.4	8.6	14.6	25.9	19.6	71.1	14.7	10.1	24.8	4.0
53-97	-	3.1	8.8	15.0	27.7	17.1	71.7	13.5	9.5	23.0	4.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	0.950	-	-	2.9	3.5
10-25	1.150	-	-	3.4	3.4
25-53	1.160	-	-	0.0	2.7
97-150	-	-	-	4.1	4.0
53-97	1.090	-	-	1.9	4.2

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-10	0.950	49.3	48.5	37.9	20.7	15.9	13.6	4.7	3.9
10-25	1.150	46.7	45.6	43.8	27.9	20.8	18.2	4.4	3.8
25-53	1.160	49.4	46.1	44.9	29.9	18.9	14.2	4.1	3.7
53-97	1.090	46.4	43.2	41.0	32.2	21.8	15.1	4.4	3.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	7.8	7.4	0.16	0.4	0.56	0.06	9	-	-	2.8	0.7	0.2	0.2	3.9
10-25	7.3	6.7	0.06	0.2	0.38	0.04	10	-	-	1.4	0.3	0.1	0.2	2.0
25-53	7.2	6.5	0.05	0.4	0.31	0.03	10	-	-	1.6	0.3	0.1	0.1	2.1
97-150	8.0	7.8	0.64	0.4	0.03	-	-	-	-	3.4	0.0	0.1	0.2	3.7
53-97	7.6	7.2	0.05	0.6	0.10	-	-	-	-	1.0	0.3	0.1	0.3	1.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	170	2.3	66	2.0	-	-	9
10-25	118	1.7	50	1.3	-	-	12
25-53	131	1.6	59	1.1	-	-	6
97-150	-	0.5	13	0.1	-	-	40
53-97	189	0.9	21	0.4	-	-	33

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	0.01	0.08	-	-	-	-	-	0.05
10-25	-	-	-	0.00	0.10	-	-	-	-	-	0.02
25-53	-	-	-	0.00	0.07	-	-	-	-	-	0.02
53-97	-	-	-	0.00	0.07	-	-	-	-	-	0.00

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-10	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	weak	-	weak	-
10-25	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	-	very weak	very weak to weak	weak	-	-	-
25-53	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	weak	-	-	-
97-150	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-
53-97	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-10 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist) light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry)loamy fine sand slightly gravelly,structureless single grain,loose,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ah 10-25 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist) light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry)loamy fine sand slightly gravelly,structureless massive,loose,clear wavy boundary to,
AC 25-53 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, moist)loamy fine sand slightly gravelly,structureless massive,loose,clear wavy boundary to,
C1 53-97 cm	light brown (7.5YR 6/4, moist)pink (7.5YR 7/4, moist),loamy sand slightly gravelly,loamy sand slightly gravelly,structureless massive,structureless massive,friable,friable,clear irregular boundary to,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	pyroclastic, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	ejecta ash
Soil Depth	150cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Weathering Resistance	poor
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Slope stability	stable

Major crops	annual crops
Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	terracing
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	continuously irrigated
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: LANDUSE: Alfalfa
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	continuous crop rotation

Altitude	2200m
Physiographic Unit	dissected volcanic plain
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	lava plain
Slope	15%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	undulating
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessive
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	level
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Peru 20: Arenosol

Characteristics

Reference soil PE020: Arenosols

Classification