Reference soil Philippines 03: Gleysol

PH003

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil PH003: Gleysols

A fine-textured gray (10 YR 5/1) to grayish brown (10 YR 5/2 and 2,5 Y 5/2) soil with common surface cracking and many mottles of different colours throughout the profile. The site is situated in an old alluvial plain (slope gradient 0-2 %) and shows a mesorelief of paddy dikes.

Classification

WRB 2014

Gleysol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Eutric Gleysol

Local classification:	Bantog series

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Tropaquept ustic fine montmorillonitic isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-11	-	0.1	0.2	0.3	1.2	2.2	4	7.8	47.7	55.5	40.4
11-26	-	0.1	0.3	1.4	9.8	12.9	24.5	15.6	23.5	39.1	36.4
26-47	-	0	0.1	0.1	0.6	2.7	3.5	16.4	49.7	66.1	30.3
47-95	-	0	0.1	0.1	0.4	0.9	1.5	1.3	23.8	25.1	73.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-11	1.2	-	-	-	40.4
11-26	1.478	-	-	-	36.4
26-47	1.375	-	-	-	30.3
47-95	1.411	-	-	-	73.5

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-11	1.2	53.6	52.7	48.3	45.5	43.8	42	44.2	43.1
11-26	1.478	46.5	46.5	45.9	43.1	42	40.7	32.7	29.7
26-47	1.375	54.4	54.4	54.1	53.6	53.2	51.8	30.4	27.6
47-95	1.411	53.3	53.3	52.7	52.1	51.4	50	48	42.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-11	6.0	4.8	0.29	-	1.88	-	-	-	-	29.6	11.3	0.2	0.4	41.5
11-26	6.7	5.3	0.14	-	0.42	-	-	-	-	14.1	9.1	0.2	0.3	23.7
26-47	6.4	4.7	0.13	-	0.60	-	-	-	-	21.8	10.2	0.2	0.5	32.7
47-95	7.3	5.5	0.25	7	0.35	-	-	-	-	38.9	17.9	0.2	3.6	60.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-11	72	57.5	142	6.6	-	-	-
11-26	74	32.1	88	1.5	-	-	-
26-47	83	39.3	130	2.1	-	-	-
47-95	87	69.5	95	1.2	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-11 cm	grey (10YR 5/1, moist)clay,strong coarse angular blocky parting to medium angular blocky,firm sticky plastic,common coarse prominent mottles (5 YR 4/6),abrupt wavy boundary to,
11-26 cm	dark grey (10YR 4/1, moist)clay,weak medium angular blocky parting to,firm sticky plastic,common medium mottles (5 YR 4/6),few small soft manganiferous concretions,abrupt wavy boundary to,
BAg 26-47 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)clay,weak medium subangular blocky parting to fine angular blocky,firm sticky plastic,common medium distinct clear mottles (10 YR 5/8),few small soft manganiferous concretions,clear wavy boundary to,
Bg 47-95 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, moist)clay,weak medium angular blocky parting to fine angular blocky,firm sticky plastic,common medium distinct clear mottles (10 YR 5/8),few soft manganiferous concretions,clear wavy boundary to,
BCg 95-125 cm	greyish brown (2.5Y 5/2, moist)clay,weak medium angular blocky,firm sticky plastic,few medium distinct mottles (10 YR 5/6) and few medium distinct mottles (5 BG 5/1),slickensides cutans,very few soft manganiferous concretions,

Major crops	rice
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	paddy
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming

Altitude	10m
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	irregular
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed

Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Philippines 03: Gleysol

Characteristics

Reference soil PH003: Gleysols

Classification