Reference soil Romania 06: Chromic Luvisol

RO006

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil RO006: Chromic Luvisols

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: A1 - Concretions: iron-manganese. AB - Cutans: with iron oxides and organic matter; Concretions: iron-manganese. B1t - Cutans: with iron oxides; Concretions: iron-manganese. B2t - Cutans: with iron oxides; Concretions: iron-manganese. B3t - Cutans: with iron oxides.

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-13	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.1	1.4	1.8	29.2	34.7	63.9	34.2
26-40	-	0.1	0	0	0.1	1.3	1.5	24.3	31.7	56	42.5
40-60	-	0.1	0	0.1	0.2	1.4	1.8	23.9	33.1	57	41.3
60-75	-	0	0	0.1	0.2	1.5	1.8	24.6	35	59.6	38.7
90-105	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.3	1.6	2.2	23.2	33	56.2	41.6
120-135	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	0.2	1.4	1.9	25.6	33.7	59.3	38.9

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-13	-	-	-	-	34.2
26-40	-	-	-	-	42.5
40-60	-	-	-	-	41.3
60-75	-	-	-	-	38.7
90-105	-	-	-	-	41.6
120-135	-	-	-	-	38.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-13	5.1	4.1	0.17	-	2.10	0.18	12	0.7	0	17.7	2.6	0.4	0.1	20.8
26-40	5.3	3.9	0.12	-	0.85	0.10	9	0.9	0	17.7	3.3	0.4	0.1	21.5
40-60	5.5	4.0	0.12	-	0.51	0.07	7	-	-	21.8	3.7	0.5	0.1	26.1
60-75	5.7	4.1	0.09	-	0.37	-	-	-	-	19.7	3.9	0.4	0.1	24.1
90-105	6.0	4.3	0.09	-	0.52	-	-	-	-	22.2	4.0	0.4	0.2	26.8
120-135	6.2	4.5	0.19	-	0.49	-	-	-	-	21.6	3.2	0.4	0.2	25.4

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-13	91	22.9	67	7.4	-	0	-
26-40	-	-	-	3.0	-	0	-
40-60	107	24.4	59	1.8	-	-	-
60-75	91	26.4	68	1.3	-	-	-
90-105	102	26.4	63	1.8	-	-	-
120-135	98	25.9	67	1.7	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-13	12.4	0.62	4.4	2.12	1.08	-	71.4	0.98
13-26	12.4	0.62	4.4	2.12	1.08	-	71.4	0.98
26-40	13.6	0.61	5	2.31	1.27	-	70.5	0.95
40-60	14.2	0.67	5.4	2.28	1.39	-	68.7	0.96
60-75	14.6	0.77	5.8	2.26	1.51	-	66.9	0.92
75-90	14.6	0.77	5.8	2.26	1.51	-	66.9	0.92
90-105	14.6	0.86	5.8	2.21	1.52	-	66.8	0.88
105-120	14.6	0.86	5.8	2.21	1.52	-	66.8	0.88
120-135	14.4	0.9	5.7	2.20	1.49	0.88	67.3	0.1
135-150	14.4	0.9	5.7	2.20	1.49	0.88	67.3	0.1

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-13	-	7.3	0.13	0.16	-	-	-
13-26	-	7.3	0.13	0.16	-	-	-
26-40	-	5.4	0.12	0.11	-	-	-
40-60	-	5.1	0.11	0.10	-	-	-
60-75	-	5.3	0.10	0.11	-	-	-
75-90	-	5.3	0.10	0.11	-	-	-
90-105	-	5.1	0.11	0.11	-	-	-
105-120	-	5.1	0.11	0.11	-	-	-
120-135	-	5.0	0.12	0.03	-	-	-
135-150	-	5.0	0.12	0.03	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-13	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	-	strong	-	weak to medium
13-26	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	-	strong	-	weak to medium
26-40	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	strong	-	weak to medium
40-60	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	strong	-	weak to medium
60-75	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	strong	-	medium to strong
75-90	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	strong	-	medium to strong
90-105	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	weak to medium
105-120	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	weak to medium
120-135	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	weak to medium
135-150	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	-	weak to medium

Profile description

Ah 0-25 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, dry) very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)weak to moderate medium and coarse granular,hard friable sticky plastic,many fine medium interstitial pores,very few small concretions,frequent coprogenic elements,clear boundary to,
25-40 cm	(7.5YR 4.5/4, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist)moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky,hard firm sticky plastic,broken thin clay cutans,common fine interstitial pores,few small concretions,clear boundary to,
BA 40-60 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist)(7.5YR 4.5/4, dry) (7.5YR 3.5/2, moist),moderate medium and coarse prismatic,moderate to strong medium prismatic,very hard firm sticky plastic,very hard firm sticky plastic,broken thin clay cutans,broken thin clay cutans,few common fine interstitial pores,few common fine interstitial pores,few small concretions,few small concretions,gradual boundary to,gradual boundary to,
90-150 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, dry) (5YR 3.5/4, moist)moderate medium and coarse prismatic,very hard firm sticky plastic,broken thin clay cutans,common fine interstitial pores,

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Quercus cerris
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	80m
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-120cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Romania 06: Chromic Luvisol

Reference soil RO006: Chromic Luvisols

Classification