Reference soil Romania 08: Planosol

RO008

Planosols occur in level landscapes throughout the world often associated with broad river valleys.

Characteristics

Soils having an eluvial horizon, the lower boundary of which is marked. within 100 cm from the soil surface, by an abrupt textural change associated with stagnic properties above that boundary. The feature of albeluvic tonguing, however, is lacking.

Distribution of Planosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil RO008: Planosols

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: A1 - Concretions: iron-manganese. A2 - Mottles: also many white ones; Concretions: iron-manganese. B1t - Slickensides: of clay minerals with iron oxides; Concretions: iron-manganese. B2t - Slickensides: of clay minerals with iron oxides; Concretions: iron-manganese. B3t - Slickensides: of clay minerals with iron oxides; Concretions: iron-manganese. B4t - Concretions: iron-manganese.

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-11	-	1.1	3.1	4	6.3	6.9	21.4	26.7	33.3	60	18.7
11-22	-	1	2.5	3.5	5.8	6.5	19.3	21.8	40.8	62.6	18.1
22-32	-	0.8	2.7	3.5	5.8	6.6	19.4	23.9	39.7	63.6	17.1
32-45	-	0.7	2.4	3.4	5.7	6.1	18.3	22.2	42.1	64.3	17.4
45-60	-	0.3	1.4	2	3.3	4.2	11.2	30.5	37.4	67.9	20.9
60-80	-	1	2.8	3.2	5.2	5.7	17.9	19.5	32.2	51.7	30.4
80-95	-	1.1	2.5	2.8	4.3	4.3	15	34.4	24.7	59.1	26
95-110	-	1.9	3.9	3.9	5.9	5.6	21.2	18	23.2	41.2	37.7
110-125	-	2.2	5.5	5.7	7.3	6	26.7	11.8	19.3	31.1	42.2
125-140	-	2.7	5.4	5.5	6.8	5.6	-	12.7	27.8	-	33.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-11	-	-	-	-	18.7
11-22	-	-	-	-	18.1
22-32	-	-	-	-	17.1
32-45	-	-	-	-	17.4
45-60	-	-	-	-	20.9
60-80	-	-	-	-	30.4
80-95	-	-	-	-	26
95-110	-	-	-	-	37.7
110-125	-	-	-	-	42.2
125-140	-	-	-	-	33.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-11	4.6	3.5	0.08	-	1.34	0.08	17	5	3.6	0.6	1.1	0.2	0.0	1.9
11-22	4.7	3.4	0.06	-	1.00	0.06	17	5.5	4.5	2.1	2.1	0.2	0.1	4.5
22-32	4.7	3.2	0.07	-	0.99	0.05	20	7.4	6.7	6.0	4.4	0.3	0.2	10.9
32-45	4.8	3.2	0.13	-	0.45	0.06	8	9.2	8.1	14.8	9.3	0.6	0.5	25.2
45-60	5.0	3.3	0.13	-	0.84	0.05	17	6.6	5.5	16.0	8.5	0.5	0.6	25.6
60-80	5.0	3.3	0.16	-	0.89	0.05	18	3.8	3.3	16.3	9.6	0.5	0.7	27.1
80-95	5.4	3.7	0.18	-	0.91	0.05	18	1.1	0.2	18.9	10.1	0.5	0.9	30.4
95-110	5.8	4.4	0.24	-	1.01	0.05	20	-	-	21.4	10.6	0.4	1.1	33.5
110-125	6.9	5.5	0.38	1.1	0.99	0.05	20	-	-	23.7	11.3	0.4	1.3	36.7
125-140	7.1	5.8	0.49	1.0	0.66	0.04	17	-	-	26.9	12.1	0.4	1.4	40.8
142-150	8.0	7.0	0.55	4.8	0.69	0.03	23	-	-	48.9	10.2	0.4	1.3	60.8

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-11	13	14.4	77	4.7	-	25	0
11-22	27	16.8	93	3.5	-	27	1
22-32	45	24	140	3.5	-	28	1
32-45	63	40.3	232	1.6	-	20	1
45-60	64	39.9	191	2.9	-	14	2
60-80	71	38.1	125	3.1	-	9	2
80-95	184	16.5	63	3.2	-	1	5
95-110	91	36.7	97	3.5	-	-	3
110-125	96	38.1	90	3.5	-	-	3
125-140	99	41.3	23	2.3	-	-	3
142-150	175	34.8	-	2.4	-	-	4

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-11	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	-	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	strong
11-22	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	weak to medium
22-32	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	weak
32-45	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	very weak to weak
45-60	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	very weak to weak
60-80	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	very weak to weak
80-95	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	very weak to weak
95-110	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	very weak to weak
110-125	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	very weak to weak
125-140	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	very weak to weak
142-150	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	very weak to weak	strong	very strong	very weak to weak

Profile description

Ah 0-22 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/3, dry) yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist)silt loam,massive parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky,hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,common fine interstitial pores,few small hard concretions,frequent coprogenic elements,clear boundary to,
E 22-32 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/3, dry) light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, moist)strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, dry) strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, moist),silt loam,clay,strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,massive,hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,very hard very firm very sticky very plastic,(10YR 5/6),many mottles (5Y 5/1),broken thin slickensides cutans,few fine pores,common fine interstitial pores,very few small hard concretions,few small hard concretions,frequent coprogenic elements,gradual boundary to,abrupt boundary to,
Bti2 60-78 cm	(7.5YR 4.5/4, dry) (7.5YR 4.5/4, moist)clay,strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,very firm very sticky very plastic,many mottles (5Y 5/1),broken thin slickensides cutans,few fine pores,very few small hard concretions,gradual boundary to,
Bti3 78-110 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/2, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist)clay,strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,very hard very firm very sticky very plastic,many mottles (10YR 5/2) and many mottles (5Y 5/1),broken thin slickensides cutans,few fine pores,very few small hard concretions,gradual boundary to,
Bti4 110-150 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, dry) (dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist)clay slightly gravelly,strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,very hard very firm very sticky very plastic,many mottles (10YR 3/2) and (10YR 5/2),slickensides cutans,very few small hard concretions,

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	unconsolidated, unspecified
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	not apparent
Slope stability	stable

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	afforestation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Quercus petraea
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	350m
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	60cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Dry From - To	0-150cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	32cm
Depth to groundwater table	32cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	perched
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	0cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	very slow
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	32cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Romania 08: Planosol

Characteristics

Reference soil RO008: Planosols

Classification