Reference soil Slovakia 01: Gleysol

SK001

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil SK001: Gleysols

Parent material: alluvium derived from loess Profile description: Athe the surface some leaves and twigs, partly decayed, not older than one season. Ah1: rubbed colour 10YR3/2

Classification

WRB 1998

Mollihumi-Hyposodic- Gleysol (calcic horizon)

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Calci-Mollic Gleysol

Mollic Gleysol

Local classification:	Typická ciernica

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Haplaquoll aquic coarse-loamy micaceous mesic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	0.1	0.1	0.4	10.3	16.1	27	13.9	24.7	38.6	34.3
10-25	-	0	0.2	0.6	13.1	13.9	27.8	11.6	26	37.6	34.7
25-40	-	0.1	0.6	0.6	11.6	17.4	30.3	14.8	22.7	37.5	32.2
40-55	-	0.1	0.1	0.5	16.5	16.3	33.5	16.5	22.4	38.9	27.6
55-70	-	0	0.5	0.6	18.4	22.4	41.9	17	21.6	38.6	19.5
70-90	-	0	0.1	0.2	40.8	25.7	66.8	11.3	13.5	24.8	8.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	-	34.3
10-25	-	-	-	-	34.7
25-40	-	-	-	-	32.2
40-55	-	-	-	-	27.6
55-70	-	-	-	-	19.5
70-90	-	-	-	-	8.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	7.1	6.8	0.64	11.7	5.85	0.54	11	-	-	44.5	8.3	0.9	0.0	53.7
10-25	7.6	7.1	0.38	13.6	3.54	0.36	10	-	-	48.8	5.9	0.6	0.1	55.4
25-40	7.9	7.3	0.34	16	2.29	0.21	11	-	-	49.3	5.3	0.3	1.7	56.6
40-55	8.1	7.6	0.38	24.5	1.52	0.13	12	-	-	47.0	6.4	0.2	0.1	53.7
55-70	8.6	8.1	0.38	39.6	0.46	0.04	12	-	-	41.1	10.1	0.1	0.2	51.5
70-90	8.8	8.4	0.25	27.8	0.24	-	-	-	-	36.0	8.4	0	0.2	44.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	143	37.5	109	20.5	-	0	0
10-25	209	26.5	76	12.4	-	0	0
25-40	280	20.2	63	8	-	0	8
40-55	398	13.5	49	5.3	-	0	1
55-70	831	6.2	32	1.6	-	0	3
70-90	2230	2.0	24	0.8	-	0	10

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-10	weak	very weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	weak	-
25-40	weak	very weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	very weak to weak	very weak	weak to medium	-
55-70	weak	very weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	very weak to weak	very weak	weak to medium	-

Profile description

Ah1 0-25 cm	very dark brown (10YR 2/2, moist)silt loam,strong fine subangular blocky,friable,many roots,calcareous 10% HCl nil,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ah2 25-50 cm	dark grey (10YR 4/1, moist)silt loam,strong fine subangular blocky,friable,many roots,calcareous 10% HCl nil,gradual smooth boundary to,
AC 50-65 cm	light grey (2.5Y 7/2, moist)silt loam,weak very fine angular blocky,very friable,common fine distinct diffuse mottles (2.5Y 5/2) and medium mottles (2.5Y 4/2),common roots,calcareous 10% HCl nil,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ck1 65-85 cm	(2.5Y 5/3, moist)silt loam,structureless,very friable,common fine distinct diffuse mottles (5Y 5/2) and medium mottles (2.5Y 5/4),few roots,calcareous 10% HCl nil,clear smooth boundary to,
2Ck2 85-140 cm	(2.5Y 5/3, moist)silt loam,structureless,very friable,common fine distinct diffuse mottles (5Y 5/2) and medium mottles (2.5Y 5/4),few roots,calcareous 10% HCl nil,

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	not apparent
Slope stability	stable

Altitude	140m
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect
Dry From - To	0-30cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Depth to groundwater table	150cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	30-120cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Microrelief pattern	none
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Slovakia 01: Gleysol

Characteristics

Reference soil SK001: Gleysols

Classification