Reference soil Spain 08: Luvisol

ES008

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ES008: Luvisols

Short field description: A deep well drained loamy profile underlain by grano-diorite rock; No profile description available. * solifluction masses of weathered rocks, mainly grano-diorite also spillite.

Classification

WRB 2014

Luvisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Chromic Luvisol

- cm	argic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

- cm	argillic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Typic Rhodoxeralf
USDA-SCS (1975)	Typic Haploxeralf xeric loamy illitic thermic

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-15	26	-	-	-	-	-	-	13.1	8.9	22	6.8
15-26	23	-	-	-	-	-	-	12.2	8.4	20.6	6.3
26-35	26	-	-	-	-	-	-	11.7	12.6	24.3	12.3
35-45	23	-	-	-	-	-	-	10.8	12.3	23.1	13.2
45-60	34	-	-	-	-	-	-	10.4	10.2	20.6	12.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	6.8
15-26	-	-	-	-	6.3
26-35	-	-	-	-	12.3
35-45	-	-	-	-	13.2
45-60	-	-	-	-	12.7

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-15	6.6	4.8	-	-	0.47	0.04	12	-	-	6.1	1.5	0.2	0.0	7.8
15-26	6.2	4.3	-	-	0.23	0.03	8	-	-	5.6	1.4	0.1	0.0	7.1
26-35	6.2	4.1	-	-	0.23	0.02	12	-	-	7.1	1.6	0.1	0.0	8.8
35-45	6.4	4.3	-	-	0.18	0.03	6	-	-	9.1	2.1	0.2	0.1	11.5
45-60	6.8	4.3	-	-	0.09	0.02	5	-	-	12.8	2.8	0.1	0.0	15.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-15	111	7	103	1.6	-	-	-
15-26	108	6.6	105	0.8	-	-	-
26-35	100	8.8	72	0.8	-	-	-
35-45	119	9.7	73	0.6	-	-	-
45-60	154	10.2	80	0.3	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	-	2.22	-	-	-	-	-
15-26	-	-	-	-	-	1.53	-	-	-	-	-
26-35	-	-	-	-	-	2.28	-	-	-	-	-
35-45	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-
45-60	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-15	15.8	4	4.1	2.10	0.9	-	67.3	0.4
15-26	15.4	4	4	2.0	1	-	69.2	0.4
26-35	16.2	3.6	4.6	2.10	0.9	-	67.3	0.5
35-45	16.8	3.9	4.7	2.10	1.5	-	66.5	0.5
45-60	16.8	4.4	5.3	1.90	1.6	-	65.0	0.5

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-15	6.0	2.7	0.10	0.10	7.2	43.7	6.2
15-26	6.0	2.2	0.10	0.10	7.6	46.1	6.5
26-35	5.5	2.8	0.10	0.10	7.1	38.9	6.0
35-45	5.6	3.0	0.10	0.10	6.7	37.7	5.7
45-60	5.0	3.1	0.10	0.20	6.6	32.6	5.5

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-15	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	strong	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-
15-26	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	strong	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-
26-35	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	strong	strong	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-
35-45	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	strong	strong	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-
45-60	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	strong	strong	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-

Depth1	60cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	coarse-grained intermediate igneous
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	solid rock
Soil Depth	60cm

Major crops	wheat
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming

Altitude	270m
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	hill
Slope	3%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Dry From - To	0-25cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	25-60cm

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Reference soil Spain 08: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil ES008: Luvisols

Classification