Reference soil Spain 17: Chromic Luvisol

ES017

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ES017: Luvisol

A dark yellowish brown, sandy loam, well drained surface layer overlying a strong brown, silt loamy subsurface layer showing cutans and ped faces, followed at 120 cm by calcareous material. Soil monolith was taken in a dug-out, possibly rather old pit. Human influence: ploughing.

Classification

WRB 2014

Luvisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Chromic Luvisol

- cm	argillic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

USDA-SCS (1975)

Haploxeralf xeric loamy mixed thermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	0.2	2.3	6.6	27.8	20.5	57.4	14.8	13.9	28.7	13.9
15-30	-	0.2	2	6.2	25.9	19.3	53.6	15.6	14.3	29.9	16.5
30-45	-	0.2	1.9	6.5	26	16.2	50.8	14.1	17.1	31.2	17.9
45-60	-	0.1	1.6	5.3	24.3	14.7	46	13.7	17.1	30.8	23.3
60-75	-	0.1	1.3	4.8	23.6	13.9	43.7	12.6	17.8	30.4	36
75-90	-	0.1	1.1	4.3	22.4	13	40.9	14.3	19.4	33.7	25.4
90-105	-	0.1	1.1	5	20.7	13.2	40.1	13.5	22.1	35.6	24.2
105-120	-	0.2	1.7	6.2	18.3	12.5	38.9	15.6	24	39.6	21.4
120-130	-	0.2	2.2	8.8	18.8	11.9	41.9	13.7	24.4	38.1	20.3
155-170	-	0.2	3.1	12.3	26	11.4	-	8.7	15	-	23.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	13.9
15-30	-	-	-	-	16.5
30-45	-	-	-	-	17.9
45-60	-	-	-	-	23.3
60-75	-	-	-	-	36
75-90	-	-	-	-	25.4
90-105	-	-	-	-	24.2
105-120	-	-	-	-	21.4
120-130	-	-	-	-	20.3
155-170	-	-	-	-	23.2

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-15	7.7	7.0	0.2	0.4	0.45	0.10	5	-	-	19.0	1.8	0.4	0.0	21.2
15-30	7.0	5.1	0.08	0	0.39	0.08	5	-	-	7.0	1.2	0.2	0.0	8.4
30-45	6.6	4.5	0.06	0	0.21	0.08	3	-	-	7.0	1.1	0.2	0.0	8.3
45-60	6.5	4.3	0.06	0	0.21	0.07	3	-	-	9.0	2.1	0.3	0.0	11.4
60-75	6.6	4.4	0.06	0	0.15	0.07	2	-	-	10.0	2.6	0.3	0.0	12.9
75-90	6.7	4.5	0.08	0	0.12	0.05	2	-	-	10.0	2.8	0.2	0.0	13
90-105	6.7	4.5	0.09	0	0.09	0.05	2	-	-	10.0	3.0	0.3	0.0	13.3
105-120	6.8	4.7	0.09	0	0.12	0.04	3	-	-	10.0	3.0	0.1	0.0	13.1
120-130	7.0	4.8	0.1	-	0.09	0.04	2	-	-	10.0	3.0	0.1	0.0	13.1
155-170	7.2	5.2	0.1	-	0.06	0.03	2	-	-	9.5	2.8	0.3	0.0	12.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-15	221	9.6	69	1.6	-	-	-
15-30	92	9.1	55	1.4	-	-	-
30-45	91	9.1	51	0.7	-	-	-
45-60	119	9.6	41	0.7	-	-	-
60-75	110	11.7	32	0.5	-	-	-
75-90	111	11.7	46	0.4	-	-	-
90-105	109	12.2	50	0.3	-	-	-
105-120	83	15.7	73	0.4	-	-	-
120-130	89	14.8	73	0.3	-	-	-
155-170	91	13.9	100	0.2	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	-	1.08	-	-	-	-	-
15-30	-	-	-	-	-	1.08	-	-	-	-	-
30-45	-	-	-	-	-	1.49	-	-	-	-	-
45-60	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
60-75	-	-	-	-	-	2.3	-	-	-	-	-
75-90	-	-	-	-	-	2.26	-	-	-	-	-
90-105	-	-	-	-	-	2.26	-	-	-	-	-
105-120	-	-	-	-	-	2.26	-	-	-	-	-
120-130	-	-	-	-	-	2.26	-	-	-	-	-
155-170	-	-	-	-	-	2.06	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, dry) dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist)sandy loam slightly gravelly,weak fine subangular blocky to weak fine crumb,slightly hard very friable non sticky non plastic,few very fine pores,clear smooth boundary to,
E 20-40 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, dry) (10YR 3.5/4, moist)sandy loam slightly gravelly,massive,hard firm non sticky non plastic,few fine medium pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bt1 40-60 cm	(7.5YR 5.5/5, dry) strong brown (7.5YR 4/6, moist)silt loam slightly gravelly,moderate fine subangular blocky,hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,patchy thin clay on horizontal and vertical pedfaces cutans,common fine medium pores,diffuse smooth boundary to,
Bt2 60-115 cm	(7.5YR 3/6, dry) strong brown (7.5YR 4/6, moist)clay loam slightly gravelly,moderate coarse prismatic parting to moderate fine subangular blocky,hard friable sticky plastic,continuous thin clay on pedfaces cutans,common few fine medium pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,

Major crops	maize
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	seasonally irrigated
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	maize and irrigated apples

Altitude	250m
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial terrace
Slope	2%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	surface capped, crust on drying
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	level
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

You are here

Reference soil Spain 17: Chromic Luvisol

Reference soil ES017: Luvisol

Classification