Reference soil Spain 22: Calcisol

ES022

Calcisols occur in regions with distinct dry seasons, as well as in dry areas where carbonate-rich groundwater comes near the surface.

Characteristics

Soils having a (petro-)calcic horizon (horizon with accumulation of secondary calcium carbonates). In addition, they have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric or cambic horizon, a calcareous argic horizon, or a gypsic horizon beneath a petrocalcic horizon.

Distribution of Calcisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ES022: Calcisol

WRB 2015

Calcisol

35-150 cm	calcic horizon

Location:

Ivars de Noguera

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Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-35	-	0.967	1.123	1.373	3.037	12.011	18.5	22.9	29.845	52.7	28.76
35-80	-	0.164	0.226	0.863	2.97	12.241	16.5	22.7	33.252	56	27.517
80-100	-	0.552	0.624	0.757	2.638	11.358	16	21.7	34.593	56.3	27.658
100-140	-	0.369	0.256	0.831	2.707	11.946	16.1	20.9	33.216	54.1	29.8

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-35	8.12	7.16	0.476	25.352	1.238	0.139	8.892	-	-	62.37	1.138	0.308	0	63.8
35-80	8.15	7.16	0.613	41.098	0.688	0.059	11.712	-	-	61.564	1.363	0.173	0	63.2
80-100	8.17	7.37	0.649	51.933	0	0.041	-	-	-	60.093	2.443	0.147	0	62.6
100-140	8.2	7.27	0.717	50.873	0	0.051	-	-	-	62.813	3.667	0.198	0	66.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-35	100	15.297	-	-	-	-	-
35-80	100	12.629	-	-	-	-	-
80-100	100	8.389	-	-	-	-	-
100-140	100	10.493	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-35	-	-	5.615	7.8	21.818	6.942	-	-	0.018
35-80	0.009	-	1.445	7.85	18.683	8.834	-	-	0.023
80-100	0.005	-	0.75	7.94	16.347	11.311	-	-	0.072
100-140	0.006	-	0.681	7.97	20.424	9.377	-	-	0.075

Profile description

Ahk 0-35 cm	Beetle larvea; subangular blocky; slightly plastic; high (15-40%); many; none (0%); medium (2-5 mm); earthworm channels; disperse powdery lime; smooth; nearly plane surface
B1k 35-80 cm	strong brown; subangular blocky; slightly plastic; medium (6-20 mm); medium (5-15%); few; soft concretion; none (0%); medium (2-5 mm); strongly calcareous (10–25%); smooth; nearly plane surface
B2k 80-100 cm	strong brown; subangular blocky; slightly plastic; medium (6-20 mm); medium (5-15%); soft concretion; none (0%); medium (2-5 mm); few; strongly calcareous (10–25%); smooth; nearly plane surface
Bcky 100-140 cm	yellowish red; angular blocky; slightly plastic; pink; very low (< 2%); concretion; none (0%); hard concretions;

Age of the land Surface	late pleistocene, without periglacial influence.
Remarks on Parent Materials	Pleistocene sediments, clay, silt loam

Major crops	wheat
Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	ploughing
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	not used and not managed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Shrubs, individual trees, grass and herbs. Weat in adjacent fields.
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	xeromorphic shrub

Altitude	405m
Hierarchy of major landforms	plateau
Physiographic Unit	upper slope (shoulder) in undulating to mountainous terrain
Slope	04%

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well drained
Depth to groundwater table	> 200 cm

Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	very few (0-2%)
Average size of stone	stones (6-20 cm)

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Reference soil Spain 22: Calcisol

Characteristics

Reference soil ES022: Calcisol