Reference soil Suriname 01: Gleysol

SR001

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil SR001: Gleysol

Classification

WRB 2014

Gleysol

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-5	-	4.175	14.586	13.899	7.288	2.436	42.4	1.5	16.673	18.2	39.377
5-20	-	5.964	16.717	15.759	10.867	4.903	54.3	2.3	12.493	14.8	30.919
20-37	-	4.294	11.384	14.498	7.94	1.796	39.9	0.6	11.221	11.8	48.298
37-80	-	0.064	0.085	0.352	0.736	0.864	2.2	2	39.994	42	55.795
80-120	-	0.222	0.634	1.829	1.765	1.48	5.9	2.3	37.34	39.6	54.482

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-5	-	-	-	-	39.377
5-20	1.13	-	-	-	30.919
20-37	1.25	-	-	-	48.298
37-80	1.1	-	-	-	55.795
80-120	-	-	-	-	54.482

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
5-20	1.13	0.54	0.5	0.47	0.45	-	0.4	-	0.27
20-37	1.25	0.47	0.44	0.4	0.37	-	0.27	-	0.16
37-80	1.1	0.56	0.54	0.51	0.48	-	0.42	-	0.3

Depth (cm)	pf_05 cm³/cm³	pf_25 cm³/cm³	pf_30 cm³/cm³	pf_35 cm³/cm³	pf_6 cm³/cm³	pf_7 cm³/cm³
5-20	-	-	0.38	-	-	0
20-37	-	-	0.25	-	-	0
37-80	-	-	0.41	-	-	0

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-5	3.7	3.01	0.949	0.03	2.226	0.175	12.751	-	5.36	4.137	3.109	0.411	0	7.6
5-20	2.88	2.32	1.234	0	0.724	0.082	8.8	-	7.802	0.561	0.816	0.127	0	1.5
20-37	2.34	1.95	4.24	0.095	0.568	0.083	6.867	-	13.504	0.275	0.95	0.1	0	1.4
37-80	4.26	3.24	0.711	0.022	0.988	0.156	6.331	-	9.15	3.62	6.522	0.422	0.322	10.8
80-120	4.23	3.1	0.772	0.078	0.86	0.125	6.923	-	5.987	3.714	9.123	0.586	0	13.4

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-5	42	18	-	-	13	42	-
5-20	11	13.473	-	-	9.3	84	-
20-37	8	18.453	-	-	14.9	91	-
37-80	47	22.924	-	-	19.9	46	-
80-120	59	22.644	-	-	19.4	31	-

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-5	0.001	-	6.378	3.5	39.377	-	-	-	0.224
5-20	0	-	5.65	2.83	30.919	-	-	-	0.258
20-37	0.001	-	2.034	2.34	48.298	0	-	-	0.62
37-80	0	-	1.093	3.81	55.795	-	-	-	0.101
80-120	0	-	0.711	3.79	54.482	0	-	-	0.105

Profile description

Ah 0-5 cm	dark brown(10YR 3/3, moist) ; sandy clay loam weak very fine / thin subangular and angular blocky ; very friable sticky plastic ; common (5-15%) distinct sharp (< 0.5 mm) yellowish brown fine (2-6 mm) mottles; medium (5-15%) pores; few coarse common very fine common very fine roots; none (0%) ; non-calcareous (0%) 4 ; clear (2-5 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
ACl 5-20 cm	dark greyish brown(10YR 4/2, moist) ; clay weak coarse / thick angular blocky ; friable very sticky very plastic ; common (5-15%) distinct strong brown fine (2-6 mm) mottles; low (2-5%) pores; very few very fine roots; none (0%) ; non-calcareous (0%) ; clear (2-5 cm) wavy; pockets less deep than wide boundary to
Clj 20-37 cm	grey(10YR 5/1, moist) ; clay weak coarse / thick angular blocky ; firm very sticky very plastic ; abundant (> 40%) prominent coarse (> 20 mm) mottles; very low (< 2%) pores; very few fine roots; common coarse (> 20 mm) soft ; none (0%) ; non-calcareous (0%) 3 ; abrupt (0-2 cm) wavy; pockets less deep than wide boundary to
Cl1 37-80 cm	greyish brown(10YR 5/2, moist) ; clay ; firm very sticky very plastic ; common (5-15%) distinct (dark) brown fine (2-6 mm) mottles; very low (< 2%) pores; none (0%) ; non-calcareous (0%) ; diffuse (> 15 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
Cl2 80-120 cm	greyish brown(10YR 5/2, moist) ; clay ; firm very sticky very plastic ; few (2-5%) distinct fine (2-6 mm) mottles; very low (< 2%) pores; none (0%) ; non-calcareous (0%) ;

Age of the land Surface	holocene (100–10 000 years) anthropogeomorphic: human-made relief modifications, such as terracing of forming hills or walls by early civilizations or during the middle ages or earlier, restriction of flooding by dykes, or surface raising.
Remarks on Parent Materials	Marine Clay

Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	raised beds (agricultural purposes)
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	forestry
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Abandoned plantation
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	evergreen woodland

Hierarchy of major landforms	plain
Physiograpy description	Flood plain Suriname river
Slope	01%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	very poorly drained
Depth to groundwater table	120cm
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessively well drained

Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none (0%)
Classification of salt characteristics - cover	none (0-2%)
Classification of salt characteristics - thickness	none

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Reference soil Suriname 01: Gleysol

Characteristics

Reference soil SR001: Gleysol

Classification