Reference soil Suriname 02: Plinthosol

SR002

Plinthosols occur mainly in the moist tropical regions in low-lying positions where iron from the soil and adjacent uplands is accumulating.

Characteristics

Soils having either a petroplinthic horizon within 50 cm from the soil surface, or a plinthic horizon which either starts within 50 cm from the soil surface, or within 100 cm from the soil surface if it underlies an albic horizon or a horizon with stagnic properties.

Distribution of Plinthosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil SR002: Plinthosol

Classification

WRB 2014

Plinthosol

Local classification:	Paraklei

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-13	-	0.031	0.22	0.461	0.576	11.718	13	26.5	48.34	74.8	12.201
13-35	-	0	0.204	0.244	0.468	11.631	12.5	25.6	48.281	73.9	13.602
35-60	-	0.021	0.134	0.226	0.195	6.22	6.7	16.1	35.245	51.3	41.972
60-160	-	0.134	0.341	0.619	0.991	12.687	14.7	19.2	23.868	43.1	42.224

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-13	1.22	-	-	-	12.201
13-35	1.53	-	-	-	13.602
35-60	1.53	-	-	-	41.972
60-160	1.51	-	-	-	42.224

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-13	1.22	0.49	0.49	0.47	0.43	-	0.31	-	0.15
13-35	1.53	0.37	0.37	0.36	0.33	-	0.29	-	0.1
35-60	1.53	0.41	0.4	0.4	0.39	-	0.36	-	0.28
60-160	1.51	0.43	0.43	0.43	0.42	-	0.45	-	0.32

Depth (cm)	pf_05 cm³/cm³	pf_25 cm³/cm³	pf_30 cm³/cm³	pf_35 cm³/cm³	pf_6 cm³/cm³	pf_7 cm³/cm³
0-13	-	-	0.24	-	-	0
13-35	-	-	0.25	-	-	0
35-60	-	-	0.35	-	-	0
60-160	-	-	0.43	-	-	0

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-13	4.81	3.81	0.081	0.021	1.788	0.162	11.016	-	1.869	0.074	0.074	0.049	0	0.2
13-35	4.91	3.83	0.027	0.013	0.499	0.07	7.169	-	1.791	0	0	0.025	0	0.02
35-60	4.91	3.7	0.017	0.001	0.37	0.082	4.476	-	5.197	0	0	0.11	0	0.1
60-160	5.06	3.55	0.016	0	0.21	0.051	4.039	-	9.87	0	0.256	0.192	0	0.5

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-13	3	5.823	-	-	2.1	90	-
13-35	1	3.288	-	-	-	-	-
35-60	1	10.573	-	-	5.3	98	-
60-160	4	12.69	-	-	10.4	95	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-13	-	-	0.087	0.102	0.009	0.512	0.093	-	-	-	0.238
13-35	-	-	0.03	0.07	0.008	0.513	0.085	-	-	-	0.156
35-60	-	-	0.015	0.139	0.014	3.069	0.418	-	-	-	0.12
60-160	-	-	0.004	0.153	0.013	2.591	0.234	-	-	-	0.017

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-13	-	-	-	4.12	12.201	-	33.58	2.006	0.011
13-35	-	-	-	4.14	13.602	-	51.857	0.141	0.001
35-60	-	-	-	4.09	41.972	-	0	0	0
60-160	-	-	-	3.99	42.224	-	0	0	0

Profile description

Ahg 0-13 cm	very dark grey(10YR 3/1, moist) ; sandy clay loam weak coarse / thick subangular and angular blocky ; friable sticky plastic ; few (2-5%) distinct clear (0.5-2 mm) strong brown very fine (< 2 mm) mottles; common medium (5-15%) pores; common fine many very fine roots; none (0%) ; common ; clear (2-5 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
AB 13-35 cm	yellowish brown(10YR 5/4, moist) ; clay loam weak coarse / thick subangular and angular blocky ; friable sticky plastic ; many (15-40%) distinct clear (0.5-2 mm) strong brown fine (2-6 mm) mottles; common medium (5-15%) pores; few very fine roots; none (0%) ; common ; clear (2-5 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
Btv1 35-60 cm	light brownish grey(10YR 6/2, moist) ; clay weak medium angular blocky ; very firm very sticky very plastic ; many (15-40%) prominent sharp (< 0.5 mm) red medium (6-20 mm) mottles; few low (2-5%) pores; none very fine roots; none (0%) ; few other insect activity ; gradual (5-15 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
Btv2 60-160 cm	light grey(10YR 7/1, moist) ; clay weak medium angular blocky ; very firm very sticky very plastic ; many (15-40%) prominent sharp (< 0.5 mm) dark red medium (6-20 mm) mottles; very few low (2-5%) pores; none very fine roots; common reddish fine (2–6 mm) iron (ferruginous) soft ; none (0%) ; few ;

Age of the land Surface	older pleistocene, without periglacial influence.
Remarks on Parent Materials	Marine Clay

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	not used and not managed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Savanna with solitary trees
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	medium grassland

Hierarchy of major landforms	plain
Physiograpy description	Savanna plain
Slope	01%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfectly drained
Depth to groundwater table	> 160 cm
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well drained

Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none (0%)
Classification of salt characteristics - cover	none (0-2%)
Classification of salt characteristics - thickness	none

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Reference soil Suriname 02: Plinthosol

Characteristics

Reference soil SR002: Plinthosol

Classification