Reference soil Sweden 15: Humic Podzol

SE015

Distribution of Podzols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil SE015: Humic Podzols

CLASSIFICATION: USDA: ortstein. MICRO RELIEF: Irregular soil surface. STONINESS: Also many very large boulders (more than 50 cm diameter). WATER TABLE: Perched due to slowly permeable subsoil. VEGETATION: Trees: Betula, Pinus, Abies, many young Betula and Abies. ground cover: Vaccinium, Deschampsia, mosses. No human influence. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: O1 - plant remains are embedded in root mat. O2 - organic loam. Ah - roots are plant roots. EB - roots are plant roots. Bh - brittle, structural plates are extremely firm and concretionary. - roots are plant roots. BC - patches of 5YR3/3 and other colours. - very compact. - in places cemented.

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
5-15	31	-	-	-	-	-	-	15.6	13.8	29.4	2.8
15-30	0	-	-	-	-	-	-	20	22.8	42.8	4
30-45	44	-	-	-	-	-	-	18	16.9	34.9	4.3
45-60	42	-	-	-	-	-	-	19.5	19.8	39.3	3.3
63-70	36	-	-	-	-	-	-	15.7	19.9	35.6	4.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
5-15	-	-	-	-	2.8
15-30	-	-	-	-	4
30-45	-	-	-	-	4.3
45-60	-	-	-	-	3.3
63-70	-	-	-	-	4.7

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-5	3.9	3.3	-	-	32.5	1.28	25	-	-	3.5	4.5	1.3	0.2	9.5
5-15	4.5	3.4	0.07	-	2.13	0.06	36	-	-	0.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.3
15-30	4.5	3.8	0.04	-	2.38	0.07	34	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0
30-45	4.9	4.0	0.04	-	4.62	0.13	36	-	-	0.0	0.1	0	0.1	0.2
45-60	5.1	4.1	0.03	-	2.85	0.08	36	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0
63-70	5.2	4.3	0.02	-	1.11	0.04	28	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-5	8	117	-	113.8	-	-	-
5-15	4	6.7	239	7.5	-	-	-
15-30	0	13.8	345	8.3	-	-	-
30-45	0	41.7	970	16.2	-	-	-
45-60	0	30.1	912	10	-	-	-
63-70	0	12	255	3.9	-	-	-

Profile description

herbaceous fragments moderately

O2 6-7 cm	(7.5YR 2/1, moist)loam,
Ah 7-9 cm	(10YR 2/3, moist)sandy loam,very weak crumb,very friable slightly sticky non plastic,abrupt smooth boundary to,
E 9-17 cm	(10YR 4.5/2, moist)sandy loam gravelly,structureless,very friable non sticky non plastic,clear smooth boundary to,
EB 17-27 cm	(10YR 2/3, moist)sandy loam gravelly,structureless,very friable non sticky non plastic,clear irregular boundary to,
Bh 27-65 cm	(7.5YR 2/1, moist)sandy loam gravelly,strong medium platy,non sticky non plastic,diffuse irregular boundary to,
65-87 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)sandy loam gravelly,weak medium platy and weak coarse platy,firm non sticky non plastic,

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	glacial till
Texture of parent material (second entry)	stony

Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	no human influence. species: see remarks
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop rotation scheme not relevant
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous forest

Altitude	270m
Physiographic position of the site	depression
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	moraine
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	perched

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Average size of stone	25
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	exceedingly stony

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Reference soil Sweden 15: Humic Podzol

Reference soil SE015: Humic Podzols

Classification