Reference soil Sweden 16: Orthic Podzol

SE016

Distribution of Podzols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil SE016: Orthic Podzols

LOCATION: Maps - Generalstabens karta över Sverige: 1:100000; sheet 56, Degerfors. - Ekonomisk karta över Sverige 1:10000; Västerbottens Län, 21 J Vindeln 49 Bjurfors. Map coordinates: 71 24,9/16 83,9. VEGETATION: Species: Vaccinio - Piceon with Betula, Pinus. Vaccinium Vitus Idaea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Empetrum Sp. BRIEF CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOIL: A shallow, extremely acid, slightly gravelly, slightly stony, sandy loam profile with a thin organic surface horizon. It has a thin light grey eluvial horizon overlying a strong brown illuvial horizon. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: O - organic matter: mainly decaying leaves, twigs and roots. B2 - texture: also gravelly. - weakly cemented. C - colour: streaks of 2.5Y6/2 and 10YR5/8. - texture: also gravelly.

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
7-13	20	-	-	-	-	-	-	19.7	17.2	36.9	1.8
13-22	24	-	-	-	-	-	-	22.8	20.3	43.1	2.5
22-37	31	-	-	-	-	-	-	20.8	17.3	38.1	2.1
77-87	25	-	-	-	-	-	-	17.5	16.2	33.7	1.9

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
7-13	-	-	-	-	1.8
13-22	-	-	-	-	2.5
22-37	-	-	-	-	2.1
77-87	-	-	-	-	1.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-7	3.7	3.3	-	-	34.7	1.09	32	-	-	4.3	3.1	1.9	0.1	9.4
7-13	4.3	3.3	0.04	-	0.47	0.03	16	-	-	0.3	0.1	0	0.0	0.4
13-22	5.9	5.0	0.03	-	1.68	0.07	24	-	-	0.3	0.1	0.1	0.0	0.5
22-37	6.0	5.1	0.03	-	0.3	0.02	15	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0
77-87	5.9	4.8	0.03	-	0.12	0.01	12	-	-	0.0	0.0	0	0.0	0

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-7	11	88.9	-	121.5	-	-	-
7-13	9	4.6	256	1.6	-	-	-
13-22	2	21.8	872	5.9	-	-	-
22-37	0	4	190	1.1	-	-	-
77-87	0	2.2	116	0.4	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
7-13	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	strong	weak to medium
13-22	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak to medium	weak to medium	-
22-37	-	strong	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	strong	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak to weak
77-87	-	strong	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	weak to medium	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-

Profile description

O -7-0 cm	organic slightlyabrupt smooth boundary to,
E 0-6 cm	(10YR 6.5/1, moist)sandy loam gravelly,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,highly porous (>60 vol%),abrupt wavy boundary to,
EB 6-15 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 4/6, moist)sandy loam,massive,soft very friable non sticky non plastic,wavy boundary to,
B 15-30 cm	(7.5YR 4/8, moist)sandy loam bouldery,massive,slightly hard very friable non sticky non plastic,highly porous (>60 vol%),gradual boundary to,
30-70 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/8, moist)sandy loam gravelly,massive,soft very friable non sticky non plastic,highly porous (>60 vol%),gradual boundary to,
C 70-80 cm	light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4, moist)sandy loam bouldery,massive,highly porous (>60 vol%),

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	coarse-grained acid igneous rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	glacial till
Remarks on Parent Materials	late Pleistocene

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Northern coniferous forest. Taiga
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	evergreen forest

Altitude	300m
Physiographic position of the site	upper slope
Slope	4%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-107cm

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Reference soil Sweden 16: Orthic Podzol

Reference soil SE016: Orthic Podzols

Classification