Reference soil Turkey 03: Umbrisol

TR003

Umbrisols occur mainly in regions where precipitation exceeds considerably the evapotranspiration. They are dominantly associated with acid parent materials.

Characteristics

Soils having an umbric horizon (deep, brownish or blackish surface horizon with a significant accumulation of organic matter and low base saturation). They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthropedogenic horizon less than 50 cm thick, or an albic or cambic horizon.

Distribution of Umbrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil TR003: Umbrisols

Classification

WRB 2014

Umbrisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Humic Cambisol

Haplic Phaeozem

- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	mollic A horizon

- cm	mollic A horizon

Local classification:	Gray-Brown Podzolic Soil

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	0.4	1.8	2.4	2.9	0.7	8.2	7.2	25.7	32.9	58.9
15-28	-	0.2	0.8	1.6	5	3.3	10.9	8.8	22.5	31.3	57.8
28-45	-	0.2	1.6	5.7	9.1	4	20.6	7.8	19.6	27.4	52
45-64	-	0.2	3.3	12.8	17.1	5.2	38.6	7.2	18.8	26	35.4
64-120	-	0.3	1.2	2.5	14.1	5.2	23.3	9.2	28.3	37.5	39.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	58.9
15-28	-	-	-	-	57.8
28-45	-	-	-	-	52
45-64	-	-	-	-	35.4
64-120	-	-	-	-	39.2

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-15	5.6	4.8	0.46	-	5.37	0.73	7	-	-	31.0	15.5	3.1	0.4	50
15-28	4.8	3.8	0.29	-	3.43	0.37	9	5.5	4.2	19.5	10.1	2.0	0.3	31.9
28-45	4.6	3.6	0.21	-	3.73	0.27	14	14	12	18.1	8.5	1.6	0.3	28.5
45-64	4.7	3.5	0.17	-	1.02	0.09	11	18.1	16.9	15.5	6.8	0.9	0.3	23.5
64-120	4.4	3.4	0.16	-	0.67	0.07	10	25.5	25.3	14.9	6.4	0.9	0.4	22.6

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-15	58	86.7	147	18.8	-	-	-
15-28	44	72.3	125	12	-	6	-
28-45	38	75.2	145	13.1	-	16	-
45-64	41	58	164	3.6	-	29	-
64-120	32	70.9	181	2.3	-	36	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	-	5.45	-	-	-	-	-
15-28	-	-	-	-	-	6.36	-	-	-	-	-
28-45	-	-	-	-	-	5.86	-	-	-	-	-
45-64	-	-	-	-	-	4.83	-	-	-	-	-
64-120	-	-	-	-	-	6.22	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

leaves moderately

O2 2-5 cm	very dark brown (10YR 2/2, dry)leaves highly,
Ah 5-20 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, dry) very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)clay loam,moderate medium subangular blocky,hard friable sticky plastic,gradual wavy boundary to,
E 20-33 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, dry) dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)sandy clay loam,moderate fine subangular blocky,hard friable slightly plastic,gradual wavy boundary to,
Bw 33-50 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, dry) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)clay loam,strong fine subangular blocky,hard friable plastic,clear smooth boundary to,
50-69 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, dry) (dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)fine sandy loam,moderate medium granular,hard friable sticky plastic,abrupt wavy boundary to,
50-69 cm	clay

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sedimentary rock
Remarks on Parent Materials	Eogene clay deposits
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Fagus,Quercus,carpinus,shrubs & grasses
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	woodland

Altitude	35m
Physiographic Unit	upland
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	hilly

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Reference soil Turkey 03: Umbrisol

Characteristics

Reference soil TR003: Umbrisols

Classification