Reference soil Turkey 07: Luvisol

TR007

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil TR007: Luvisols

STONINESS: Rounded basaltic fresh bombs. CRACKS: 4 to 7cm wide and 20 to 25cm deep. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Ap - many gravels, stones, boulders. B12 - also slickensides: shining surfaces with angle of 45°. B12Ca - also slickensides: shining surfaces with angle of 45°. B22Ca - also slickensides: shining surfaces with angle of 45°. B3 - slickensides: with angle of 45°.

Classification

WRB 2014

Luvisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Vertic Luvisol

- cm	argic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon
-	vertic

- cm	argillic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon
-	vertic

Local classification:	Reddish Brown Mediterranean Soil

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Vertic Haploxeralf

More images

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-18	-	0	0.2	0.2	0.3	0.4	1.1	6.1	32.1	38.2	60.7
18-38	-	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.4	0.6	1.6	2.9	18.7	21.6	76.8
38-77	-	0.1	0.3	0.2	0.3	0.6	1.5	3.6	16.7	20.3	78.2
77-98	-	0.2	0.4	0.3	0.4	0.4	1.7	3.2	19.2	22.4	75.9
89-120	-	0.2	0.3	0.3	0.5	0.5	1.8	4.7	15.8	20.5	77.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-18	-	-	-	-	60.7
18-38	-	-	-	-	76.8
38-77	-	-	-	-	78.2
77-98	-	-	-	-	75.9
89-120	-	-	-	-	77.7

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-18	8.0	6.6	0.35	0.4	0.73	0.11	7	-	-	56.9	8.9	1.9	0.2	67.9
18-38	8.0	6.7	0.35	4.3	0.45	0.08	6	-	-	62.2	9.2	1.3	0.3	73
38-77	7.9	6.7	0.43	3.3	0.47	0.07	7	-	-	62.2	9.2	1.3	0.3	73
77-98	7.9	6.8	0.45	3.8	0.46	0.07	7	-	-	59.5	11.0	1.2	0.3	72
89-120	8.0	6.8	0.46	9.8	0.34	0.06	6	-	-	59.2	10.8	0.9	0.3	71.2

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-18	81	83.8	138	2.6	-	-	-
18-38	90	81.2	106	1.6	-	-	-
38-77	91	80	102	1.6	-	-	-
77-98	87	82.3	108	1.6	-	-	-
89-120	95	74.9	96	1.2	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-18	-	-	-	-	-	2.49	-	-	-	-	-
18-38	-	-	-	-	-	2.61	-	-	-	-	-
38-77	-	-	-	-	-	2.57	-	-	-	-	-
77-98	-	-	-	-	-	2.38	-	-	-	-	-
89-120	-	-	-	-	-	2.17	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-18 cm	dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, dry) dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, moist)clay very stony,moderate coarse angular blocky,hard friable sticky plastic,gradual smooth boundary to,
BA 18-38 cm	dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, dry) dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, moist)clay,moderate medium angular blocky,very hard friable sticky plastic,continuous thin clay on horizontal and vertical pedfaces cutans,very few small spherical soft calcareous nodules very few small thread-like soft calcareous,few medium gravel fresh rounded acid few medium gravel fresh round. basaltic fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bk1 38-77 cm	dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, dry) dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, moist)clay,very strong very coarse angular blocky parting to moderate fine angular blocky,hard very friable sticky plastic,continuous thin clay on horizontal and vertical pedfaces cutans,few small spherical soft calcareous nodules,few medium gravel fresh rounded acid few medium gravel fresh round. basaltic fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bk2 77-98 cm	dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, dry) dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, moist)clay,very strong very coarse angular blocky parting to moderate fine angular blocky,hard very friable sticky plastic,continuous moderately thick clay on horizontal and vertical pedfaces cutans,frequent small spherical soft calcareous nodules,few medium gravel fresh rounded acid few medium gravel fresh round. basaltic fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
98-120 cm	dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, dry) dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4, moist)clay,strong very coarse angular blocky,hard friable sticky plastic,slickensides cutans,spherical calcareous nodules irregular calcareous nodules,gradual smooth boundary to,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	fine-grained basic igneous rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	ejecta ash
Remarks on Parent Materials	basalt
Soil Depth	120cm

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Short grass, Legumes,wheat-summer fallow
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	short grassland

Altitude	680m
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Surface cracking	large cracks (width more than 1 cm, or depth more than 50 cm)
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	stony

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Reference soil Turkey 07: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil TR007: Luvisols

Classification