Reference soil Turkey 08: Calcisol

TR008

Calcisols occur in regions with distinct dry seasons, as well as in dry areas where carbonate-rich groundwater comes near the surface.

Characteristics

Soils having a (petro-)calcic horizon (horizon with accumulation of secondary calcium carbonates). In addition, they have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric or cambic horizon, a calcareous argic horizon, or a gypsic horizon beneath a petrocalcic horizon.

Distribution of Calcisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil TR008: Calcisols

CLIMATE: TRC005: xa - mean soil temperature at 50 cm depth. TRC008: xa - daily greatest amount of rain in mm xb - mean number of days with P =< 0.1 mm xc - mean number of days with T < 0.1 °C xd - mean number of days with snow on the ground

Classification

WRB 2014

Calcisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Epi-Haplic Calcisol

Calcic Xerosol

- cm	calcic horizon
- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

- cm	calcic horizon
- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

Local classification:	Sierozem

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Calciorthid aridic very fine carbonatic mesic

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-3	-	0	0.2	0.4	2.6	7.2	10.4	14.1	19.2	33.3	56.3
3-33	-	0	0.2	0.5	3.2	4.8	8.7	12.2	15	27.2	64.1
33-55	-	0	0	0.6	2.4	3.3	6.3	9.8	14.8	24.6	69.1
55-83	-	0	0.3	0	0.8	3.3	4.4	12.4	19.8	32.2	63.4
83-110	-	0	0	0.3	1.8	4.1	6.2	10.5	21.9	32.4	61.4

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-3	-	-	-	-	56.3
3-33	-	-	-	-	64.1
33-55	-	-	-	-	69.1
55-83	-	-	-	-	63.4
83-110	-	-	-	-	61.4

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-3	8.0	7.3	0.27	50.4	1.06	0.13	8	-	-	24.3	2.2	1.8	0.1	28.4
3-33	8.2	7.4	0.26	55.9	0.81	0.11	7	-	-	20.8	2.6	1.3	0.2	24.9
33-55	8.5	7.9	0.87	64.3	0.62	0.07	9	-	-	18.2	8.3	0.4	0.4	27.3
55-83	8.5	8.0	1.79	68.4	0.3	0.05	6	-	-	17.8	11.8	0.4	0.5	30.5
83-110	8.1	7.7	4.2	60.8	0.18	0.04	5	-	-	20.0	10.8	0.4	0.5	31.7

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-3	165	17.2	31	3.7	-	-	-
3-33	143	17.4	27	2.8	-	-	-
33-55	173	15.8	23	2.2	-	-	-
55-83	192	15.9	25	1.1	-	-	-
83-110	203	15.6	25	0.6	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-3	-	-	-	0.18	0.1	0.2	0.04	0.01	0.02	-	0.08
3-33	-	-	-	0.09	0.1	0.12	0.03	0.01	0.02	-	0.06
33-55	-	-	-	0.07	0.1	0.05	0.01	0.03	0.05	-	0.07
55-83	-	-	-	0.08	0.1	0.06	0.02	0.09	0.19	-	0.09
83-110	-	-	-	0.07	0.1	0.11	0.02	0.04	0.09	-	0.11

Elemental composition of the clay

Depth (cm)	SiO2 % w/w	Al2O3 % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	MgO % w/w	K2O % w/w	Na2O % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-3	51.4	18.7	8.5	1.7	4.3	3.3	-	0.8
3-33	49.1	17.3	7.9	4.3	4.6	3	-	0.7
33-55	43.6	15.2	7.2	9.9	4.7	2.2	-	0.7
55-83	42.2	15.4	7.2	11.2	4.4	2.1	-	0.6
83-110	42.7	15.5	7.2	10.9	4.6	2	-	0.6

Depth (cm)	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	Ign.Loss clay % w/w	Total Clay % w/w	SiO2/Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol
0-3	0.1	0.3	10.2	99.3	4.7	16	3.6	3.4
3-33	0.1	0.3	12.4	99.7	4.8	16.7	3.7	3.5
33-55	0.1	0.2	16.3	100.1	4.9	16.2	3.8	3.3
55-83	0.1	0.2	16.4	99.8	4.7	15.5	3.6	3.3
83-110	0	0.1	16.4	100	4.7	15.7	3.6	3.4

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-3	7.8	25.47	3.1	1.38	2.41	-	31.4	0.38
3-33	7.2	27.31	2.8	1.24	2.43	-	28.3	0.33
33-55	6.0	29.94	2.4	0.77	2.93	-	23.3	0.27
55-83	7.1	28.28	2.8	0.80	3.22	-	26.3	0.33
83-110	7.0	28.16	2.8	0.85	3.24	-	26.3	0.32

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-3	3.9	26.0	0.04	0.17	6.8	27.0	5.5
3-33	4.0	27.6	0.03	0.16	6.7	26.9	5.3
33-55	3.9	30.4	0.02	0.13	6.6	25.8	5.3
55-83	4.0	28.2	0.03	0.12	6.3	25.0	5.0
83-110	3.9	27.6	0.03	0.11	6.4	25.0	5.1

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-3	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-
3-33	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	-
33-55	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	strong	-
55-83	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	strong	-
83-110	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	strong	-

Profile description

Ah1 0-3 cm	light grey (2.5Y 7/2, dry) greyish brown (2.5Y 5/2, moist)loam,moderate very fine platy,soft very friable non sticky slightly plastic,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ah2 3-33 cm	light grey (2.5Y 7/2, dry) greyish brown (2.5Y 5/2, moist)silty clay loam,moderate medium granular,very hard friable slightly sticky plastic,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bkc 33-55 cm	white (2.5Y 8/2, dry) (5Y 6.5/3, moist)silt loam,moderate coarse angular blocky,very hard friable non sticky plastic,clear smooth boundary to,
Bk 55-83 cm	(2.5Y 7.5/2, dry) greyish brown (2.5Y 5/2, moist)silty clay loam,strong coarse angular blocky,hard friable sticky plastic,gradual smooth boundary to,
C 83- cm	(2.5Y 7.5/2, dry) light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, moist)silty clay loam,moderate coarse angular blocky,very hard friable sticky plastic,

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	lacustrine sediments
Soil Depth	150cm
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Slope stability	stable

Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	steppe vegetation
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	crop rotation scheme not relevant
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	grassland

Altitude	1003m
Physiographic Unit	former lake bottom
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	lacustrine plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Dry From - To	0-120cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	strongly alkaline
Microrelief pattern	none
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Turkey 08: Calcisol

Characteristics

Reference soil TR008: Calcisols

Classification