Reference soil Turkey 12: Calcisol

TR012

Calcisols occur in regions with distinct dry seasons, as well as in dry areas where carbonate-rich groundwater comes near the surface.

Characteristics

Soils having a (petro-)calcic horizon (horizon with accumulation of secondary calcium carbonates). In addition, they have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric or cambic horizon, a calcareous argic horizon, or a gypsic horizon beneath a petrocalcic horizon.

Distribution of Calcisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil TR012: Calcisols

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: B2ca - lime accumulation. B3ca - lime accumulation. Cca - lime interbedded weathered mica schist.

Classification

WRB 2014

Calcisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Haplic Calcisol

Calcic Cambisol

- cm	calcic horizon
- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

- cm	calcic horizon
- cm	cambic B horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon

Local classification:	Brown Forest Soil

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-25	-	1.7	6.9	6.6	14.2	10.6	40	11.8	19.7	31.5	28.5
25-63	-	1.7	6.5	6.1	13.1	9.8	37.2	11.6	20.4	32	30.8
63-88	-	1.9	4	4.5	11.6	8.9	30.9	17	34.5	51.5	17.6
88-120	-	0.5	2.3	2.3	13.5	12.1	30.7	14.8	38	52.8	16.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-25	-	-	-	-	28.5
25-63	-	-	-	-	30.8
63-88	-	-	-	-	17.6
88-120	-	-	-	-	16.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-25	8.0	7.2	0.32	1.1	1.05	0.12	9	-	-	28.2	0.8	0.3	0.1	29.4
25-63	8.1	7.2	0.25	1.9	0.69	0.09	8	-	-	31.4	0.9	0.2	0.1	32.6
63-88	8.3	7.4	0.26	28.5	0.43	0.05	9	-	-	30.0	1.3	0.1	0.0	31.4
88-120	8.5	7.7	0.23	32.4	0.17	0.04	4	-	-	24.4	1.3	0.1	0.0	25.8

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-25	124	23.7	83	3.7	-	-	-
25-63	130	25.1	81	2.4	-	-	-
63-88	162	19.4	110	1.5	-	-	-
88-120	183	14.1	85	0.6	-	-	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-25	-	-	-	-	-	5.06	-	-	-	-	-
25-63	-	-	-	-	-	5.15	-	-	-	-	-
63-88	-	-	-	-	-	2.37	-	-	-	-	-
88-120	-	-	-	-	-	0.94	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-25	16.2	1.99	9.7	1.35	1.43	-	57.9	2.12
25-63	16.1	2.4	10.1	1.30	1.38	-	56.9	2.04
63-88	13.1	15	6.7	1.08	2.78	-	38.8	2.04
88-120	14.3	17.06	6.1	1.43	3.39	-	35.3	1.84

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-25	2.6	7.9	0.19	0.32	6.1	15.9	4.4
25-63	2.5	8.0	0.19	0.27	6	15.0	4.3
63-88	3.1	17.4	0.19	0.38	5	15.4	3.8
88-120	3.7	17.0	0.08	0.52	4.2	15.4	3.3

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-25	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	strong	weak to medium	-	-	strong	weak to medium
25-63	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	-	strong	very weak to weak	-	-	strong	weak to medium
63-88	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-	-	very strong	-
88-120	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	-	very strong	-

Profile description

Ah 0-25 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, dry) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)clay loam,moderate medium and coarse angular blocky,hard friable sticky slightly plastic,abrupt wavy boundary to,
Bk 25-63 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, dry) (dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist)silty clay loam,strong coarse angular blocky,hard friable sticky plastic,clear wavy boundary to,
63-88 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/4, dry) yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)silt loam,weak coarse angular blocky,soft friable non sticky slightly plastic,gradual irregular boundary to,
Ck 88-120 cm	(10YR 7.5/3, dry) (10YR 7/5, moist)loam,massive,soft friable non sticky slightly plastic,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	schist
Remarks on Parent Materials	micaschist
Soil Depth	120cm

Major crops	crops (unspecified)
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	woodland, grazed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Grass,legume,wild plum,Piner,Fagus,Querc
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	semi-deciduous woodland

Altitude	740m
Physiographic Unit	hilly upland
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	hilly

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Reference soil Turkey 12: Calcisol

Characteristics

Reference soil TR012: Calcisols

Classification