Reference soil Turkey 18: Vertisol

TR018

Vertisols occur dominantly in level landscapes under climates with a pronounced dry season. Vast areas are found in Australia, India, northeastern Africa (Sudan, Ethiopia), southern Latin America and the USA.

Characteristics

Soils having a vertic horizon (a clayey subsurface horizon with polished and grooved ped surfaces ("slickensides") or wedge-shaped or parallelepiped structural aggregates) within 100 cm from the soil surface. They have 30 percent or more clay in all horizons to a depth of 100 cm or more, or to a contrasting layer (lithic or paralithic contact, petrocalcic, petroduric or petrogypsic horizons, sedimentary discontinuity, etc.) between 50 and 100 cm, after the upper 20 cm have been mixed. In addition, Vertisols exhibit wide cracks, which open and close periodically.

Distribution of Vertisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil TR018: Vertisols

Classification

WRB 2014

Vertisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Calcic Vertisol

Chromic Vertisol

- cm	calcic horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon
-	slickensides
-	vertic

- cm	calcic horizon
- cm	ochric A horizon
-	slickensides
-	vertic

Local classification:	Reddish Brown Basaltic Soil

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Aridic Calcixerert

More images

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, dry) dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4, moist)clay,moderate medium angular blocky and moderate medium granular,friable sticky plastic,gradual wavy boundary to,
E 20-40 cm	dark red (2.5YR 3/6, dry) (2.5YR 3/3, moist)clay,moderate medium angular blocky,friable very sticky plastic,thin slickensides cutans,gradual wavy boundary to,
Ak1 40-77 cm	dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4, dry) dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4, moist)clay,moderate coarse and very coarse angular blocky,firm very sticky plastic,continuous slickensides cutans,few ferruginous soft calcareous soft segregations,gradual wavy boundary to,
Ak2 77-160 cm	dark red (2.5YR 3/6, dry) dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4, moist)clay,moderate coarse angular blocky,firm very sticky plastic,continuous slickensides cutans,frequent medium soft calcareous soft segregations,abrupt boundary to,
R 160- cm	structurelessbasalt fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	igneous and metamorphic rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	solid rock
Remarks on Parent Materials	Plio-Pleistocene
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Major crops	wheat
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	crops are wheat and lentil
Rotation scheme ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	continuous crop rotation

Altitude	565m
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Dry From - To	0-160cm

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Reference soil Turkey 18: Vertisol

Characteristics

Reference soil TR018: Vertisols

Classification