Reference soil United States of America 14: Gypsisol

US014

Distribution of Gypsisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

WRB 1998:

Gypsisol

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Calcic Gypsisol

Luvic Xerosol

0-0 cm	argic B horizon
0-0 cm	gypsic horizon
0-0 cm	ochric A horizon

0-0 cm	argillic B horizon
0-0 cm	gypsic horizon
0-0 cm	ochric A horizon

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Typic

Haplargid

USDA-SCS (1975)

Typic

Haplargid

fine-loamy

mixed

frigid

Classification (other)

Acacio sandy loam, 0-1% slope

Location:

Colorado, Alamosa County

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-10	:	14	4.2	9.3	17.7	23.1	13	67.3	15.8	11.3	27.1	5.6
10-23	:	4	2.2	6.4	18.4	21.9	10	58.9	9.8	7.3	17.1	24
23-31	:	4	2.7	7.2	19.9	21.9	10.5	62.2	8.5	8.7	17.2	20.6
31-53	:	2	0.9	5.7	16.2	17.4	8.9	49.1	8.8	10.8	19.6	31.3
53-76	:	4	1	4.1	13.4	15.7	9.7	43.9	10.3	10.6	20.9	35.2
76-97	:	4	1.3	3.3	12	18.2	12.3	47.1	12.1	13.4	25.5	27.4
97-127	:	2	1.6	4.5	12.9	17.7	10.1	46.8	9.5	16.7	26.2	27
127-153	:	1	0.8	4.5	10.7	19.6	12.6	48.2	10	15.9	25.9	25.9

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
0-10	:	1.56	-	-	-	-	16.8	-	-	5.7	-
10-23	:	1.6	-	-	-	-	19.4	-	-	11.4	-
23-31	:	1.68	-	-	-	-	16.5	-	-	11.3	-
31-53	:	1.46	-	-	-	-	24.5	-	-	13	-
53-76	:	1.58	-	-	-	-	20.6	-	-	13.5	-
76-97	:	1.69	-	-	-	-	20.3	-	-	11.2	-
97-127	:	1.53	-	-	-	-	21.7	-	-	11.7	-
127-153	:	1.4	-	-	-	-	20.9	-	-	12.1	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-10	:	-	-	-	-	5.6
10-23	:	-	-	-	-	24
23-31	:	-	-	-	-	20.6
31-53	:	-	-	-	-	31.3
53-76	:	-	-	-	-	35.2
76-97	:	-	-	-	-	27.4
97-127	:	-	-	-	-	27
127-153	:	-	-	-	-	25.9

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-10	:	7.5	7.1	-	0	1.27	0.09	14	-	-	8.6	3.1	2.1	2.5	16.3
10-23	:	8.2	7.8	-	0	0.72	0.06	12	-	-	8.6	7.6	2.1	6.8	25.1
23-31	:	8.3	8.0	-	3	0.51	0.06	9	-	-	-	9.5	1.6	9.5	20.6
31-53	:	8.5	8.2	-	14	0.44	-	-	-	-	-	9.7	1.2	11.0	21.9
53-76	:	8.4	8.0	-	13	0.28	-	-	-	-	-	11.4	1.1	11.7	24.2
76-97	:	8.1	7.8	-	7	0.18	-	-	-	-	-	10.0	0.8	18.1	28.9
97-127	:	7.9	7.6	-	6	0.10	-	-	-	-	-	8.6	0.5	3.2	12.3
127-153	:	7.8	7.4	-	3	0.08	-	-	-	-	-	10.1	0.3	1.7	12.1

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-10	:	10.6	189	4	-	154	-	-
10-23	:	18.1	75	3.0	-	139	-	-
23-31	:	16.4	80	2.0	-	-	-	-
31-53	:	15	48	2.0	-	-	-	-
53-76	:	16.8	48	1.0	-	-	-	-
76-97	:	15	55	1.0	-	-	-	-
97-127	:	17.1	63	0	-	-	-	-
127-153	:	15.2	59	0	-	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-10	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10-23	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
23-31	:	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
31-53	:	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	-	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
53-76	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
76-97	:	weak to medium	very weak to weak	very weak	very weak	weak to medium	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
97-127	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
127-153	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Rare clay minerals:

Depth (cm)		Pyroxene	Amphibole	Calcite	Lepidocrocite	Pyrophyllite	Weddelite	Augite
0-10	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
10-23	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
23-31	:	-	-	very weak	-	-	-	-
31-53	:	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-
53-76	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
76-97	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
97-127	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
127-153	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Soluble salts:

Depth (cm)		Ca (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Mg (mmol (c) / kg soil)	K (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Na (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Sum Cations (mmol (c) / kg soil)	HCO3 (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Cl (mmol (c) / kg soil)	SO4 (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Sum anions (mmol (c) / kg soil)
0-10	:	26.2	14.8	4.9	34	79.9	11.9	26.1	38.1	76.1
10-23	:	12.1	13.2	2	65.1	92.4	6	31.3	54.2	91.5
23-31	:	24.3	33	2.3	111.3	170.9	4	49.7	124.7	178.4
31-53	:	24.1	37.5	1.9	129.2	192.7	2.4	65.9	137.6	205.9
53-76	:	24.6	33.7	1.2	92.9	152.4	1.8	42.8	104.1	148.7
76-97	:	25.6	35.5	1.0	79	141.1	1.9	43.2	93.9	139
97-127	:	26.3	27.7	0.6	37.1	91.7	1.3	25.6	63.2	90.1
127-153	:	27.4	33	0.3	18.2	78.9	1.2	23.1	55.4	79.7

Depth (cm)		Sodium Ads. Ratio	pH e	EC e (mS/cm)	EC 1 : 5 (mS/cm)
0-10	:	8	7.4	6.57	-
10-23	:	18	7.8	8.18	-
23-31	:	21	7.9	13.15	-
31-53	:	23	8	14.56	-
53-76	:	17	7.9	11.81	-
76-97	:	14	7.8	10.87	-
97-127	:	7	7.7	7.25	-
127-153	:	3	7.7	6.04	-

Profile description:

Ah 0-10 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry) very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist), sandy loam, weak fine platy parting to weak fine granular, slightly hard very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic, abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bt 10-23 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, dry) dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4, moist), sandy clay loam, weak medium prismatic parting to moderate medium subangular blocky, hard firm sticky plastic, thin clay cutans, clear wavy boundary to,
Btz 23-31 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, dry) dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist), sandy clay loam, weak coarse prismatic parting to weak medium subangular blocky, hard firm sticky plastic, thin clay cutans, clear wavy boundary to,
Bk 31-53 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, dry) brown (10YR 5/3, moist), loam, weak medium subangular blocky parting to weak fine granular, hard friable sticky plastic, frequent large calcareous soft segregations, gradual wavy boundary to,
Bky 53-97 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/3, dry) light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, moist), loam, massive, slightly hard very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic, frequent small calcareous concretions frequent medium calcareous concretions, gradual wavy boundary to,
Cy1 97-127 cm	light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, dry) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist), clay loam, massive, hard friable sticky plastic, very frequent gypsiferous crystals few calcareous soft segregations,
Cy2 127-153 cm	light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, dry) dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist), clay loam, massive, hard friable sticky plastic, few fine faint mottles (10YR 5/6)

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	fluvial
Texture of parent material (1st entry)
Depth1 of lithological boundary	cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	120 cm

Soil erosion type (1st entry)	sheet
Intensity of the soil erosion type (1st entry)	slight
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability

Current land use at the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Major crops
Main type of irrigation	no irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	grassland
Status of vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	rabbitbrush, pepper weed, grease wood

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	2300 m asl
Regional landform	alluvial plain
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	valley floor
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	1 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located
Form of the slope surrounding the site
Slope Aspect of the site

Depth of groundwater table	300 cm
Groundwater Top	200 cm
Groundwater Bottom	300 cm
Kind of groundwater table	groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	cm
Runoff	medium
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Drainage Class	well
To Drainage Class
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	0-23 cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	23-127 cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Pattern	none
Microrelief Height
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Cracks	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	moderately saline
Evidence of alkali	moderately alkaline

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Reference soil United States of America 14: Gypsisol