Reference soil Uruguay 01: Planosol

UY001

Distribution of Planosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Land form: Many small silted-in fossil streams and scattered small ponded spots.

Micro relief: Small heigth difference of 10-20 cm over distances of a few metres.

Morphology: Ah In lower part of horizon the structure is thick platy. C Also continuous thick clay cutans and very few medium hard angular gypsum nodules observed.

Description: A deep, fine textured and poorly drained soil, with clear horizon differentiation, partly due to the textural change from the loamy topsoil to the clay subsoil. The soil is relatively low in organic matter (the amount of which decreases gradually with depth) while the pH increases from strong (5,5) in the topsoil to slight acidity (6,4). Mottiling mainly occurs in the topsoil (A and E horizons) and in the upper part of the B horizon. Iron-mangenese nodules occur throughout the profile (frequency increases with dept) down to the B3 horizon, below which only very few nodules occur.

Thornthwaite Waterbalance for the profile: Months: J F M A M J J A S O N D P 90 80 100 95 90 110 85 100 100 90 65 65 PE 146 113 93 57 32 21 24 38 46 89 123 148 P-PE -56 -33 7 38 58 89 61 62 54 1 -58 -83 APWL 197 230 200 101 15 0 0 0 0 0 58 141 ST 40 32 39 77 135 150 150 150 150 150 101 58 DST -18 -8 -7 38 15 0 0 0 0 0 -49 -43 AE 108 88 93 57 32 21 24 38 46 89 114 108 D . . 74 61 62 54 1 S 38 25 . . . . . . . . 9 40 P = precipitation (mm) PE = potential evapotranspiration (thorntwaite) (mm) P-PE = precipitation deficit (mm) APWL = accumulated precipitation deficit (mm) ST = available moisture in the rooted zone (mm) available moisture at field capacity is 150 mm DST = change in available moisture (mm) D = moisture deficit (mm) S = moisture surplus (mm) LITERATURE: Angueira, C. (1983) Environmental settin and characteristics of an eutric planosol of the merin lagoon areao of Uruguay - Brasil (part of a ISM Soil Monolith Paper). MSc Thesis. Dept. of Soil Science and Geology, Wageningen Agricultural University. Ministerio de Ganaderia y Agricultura Uruguay (1972) Estudio de Suelos, Area Yaguaron - Depto, Cerro Largo Merin Lagoon Regional Project (CLM/PNUD/FAO) (1969) Studies in the Merin Lagoon Basin.

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Luvic Planosol(Albic Hyposodic)

Luvi- Hyposodic Planosol(Albic)

23-32 cm	albic horizon
32-153 cm	argic horizon
	abrupt textural change
	reducing conditions
	stagnic colour pattern

0-23 cm	ochric horizon
23-32 cm	albic horizon
32-153 cm	argic horizon
	abrupt textural change
	stagnic properties

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Orthi-

Eutric Planosol

inundic phase

Eutric Planosol

sodic phase

0-23 cm	ochric A horizon
23-32 cm	albic E horizon
32-153 cm	argic B horizon
	abrupt textural change
	stagnic properties

0-23 cm	ochric A horizon
23-32 cm	albic E horizon
32-153 cm	argillic B horizon
	abrupt textural change
	hydromorphic properties

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Typic

Albaqualf

USDA-SCS (1975)

Typic

Albaqualf

fine-loamy

mixed

thermic

Classification (other)	Planosol districo ocrico Fr
	The colour-requirements for stagnic properties are not met. Lack of textural data: abrubt textural change assumed.

Location:

Departamento Cerro Largo, 10km S of Rio Branco, Jaguaron area

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Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-23	:	0	0.2	2.1	7.2	19.6	9.5	38.6	17.6	29.6	47.2	14.3
23-32	:	0	0.6	4.2	10.9	19.0	8.9	43.6	16.1	28.4	44.5	12.0
32-48	:	0	1.3	4.3	7.8	13.4	6.7	33.5	14.5	19.6	34.1	32.4
48-78	:	0	0.9	3.6	7.3	13.4	6.5	31.7	13.4	22.3	35.7	32.6
78-105	:	0	0.4	2.6	6.6	13.4	6.6	29.6	14.4	25.6	40.0	30.3
105-153	:	0	0.6	2.5	7.4	15.0	7.2	32.7	12.4	23.8	36.2	31.2
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
9-12	:	1.460	49.0	47.2	42.4	36.3	32.7	29.3	16.7	13.4	-
25-33	:	1.56	43.9	42.8	37.3	29.2	25.8	21.3	17.9	14.3	-
36-41	:	1.45	51.2	50.0	47.4	43.4	41.0	37.6	28.3	25.3	-
58-67	:	1.46	47.1	45.7	42.5	37.8	34.8	30.6	28.5	25.4	-
87-98	:	1.5	47.7	46.3	42.6	38.3	35.2	31.2	27.2	24.1	-
132-145	:	1.47	47.0	45.0	42.0	38.1	35.2	31.4	26.7	23.6	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-23	:	-	-	-	-	14.3
23-32	:	-	-	-	-	12.0
32-48	:	-	-	-	-	32.4
48-78	:	-	-	-	-	32.6
78-105	:	-	-	-	-	30.3
105-153	:	-	-	-	-	31.2
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-23	:	5.5	4.4	-	-	1.33	0.09	15	-	-	2.2	1.6	0.6	0.0	4.4
23-32	:	5.4	4.1	-	-	0.41	0.03	14	-	-	2.0	1.0	0.2	0.0	3.2
32-48	:	5.4	4.2	-	-	0.58	0.05	12	-	-	8.7	4.8	0.2	0.5	14.2
48-78	:	5.9	4.5	-	-	0.27	-	-	-	-	9.6	5.5	0.2	0.7	16.0
78-105	:	5.9	4.9	-	-	0.09	-	-	-	-	9.1	5.2	0.2	1.0	15.5
105-153	:	6.7	4.9	-	-	0.04	-	-	-	-	9.2	5.4	0.2	0.9	15.7
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-23	:	8.3	-	4.7	-	53	-	0
23-32	:	5.8	-	1.4	-	55	-	0
32-48	:	16.5	-	2.0	-	86	-	3
48-78	:	16.8	-	0.9	-	95	-	4
78-105	:	15.0	-	0.3	-	-	-	7
105-153	:	16.2	-	0.1	-	97	-	6
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Si o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-23	:	-	-	-	-	0.12	0.04	0.00	0.14	0.02	0.11	0.22	-
23-32	:	-	-	-	-	0.04	0.05	0.00	0.13	0.02	0.08	0.34	-
32-48	:	-	-	-	-	0.08	0.05	0.00	0.55	0.05	0.35	1.46	-
48-78	:	-	-	-	-	0.06	0.05	0.01	0.17	0.04	0.48	2.66	-
78-105	:	-	-	-	-	0.06	0.03	0.02	0.16	0.03	0.43	1.88	-
105-153	:	-	-	-	-	0.03	0.00	0.02	0.16	0.02	0.36	1.59	-
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the clay:

Depth (cm)		SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-23	:	63.3	-	5.6	0.11	0.72	1.46	-	1.33
23-32	:	63.5	-	5.1	0.11	0.69	1.64	-	1.53
32-48	:	54.3	-	8.2	0.54	0.99	1.22	-	1.06
48-78	:	55.3	-	7.7	0.40	1.16	1.35	-	1.03
78-105	:	58.0	-	7.6	0.44	1.38	1.67	-	1.05
105-153	:	57.6	-	7.7	0.38	1.42	1.61	-	1.06
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	Ign.Loss clay (wt%)	Total clay (%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-23	:	0.11	0.20	7.8	99.7	5.6	30.1	4.7	5.3
23-32	:	0.06	0.12	7.1	99.7	5.4	33.0	4.7	6.1
32-48	:	0.05	0.04	9.7	100.1	3.8	17.7	3.2	4.6
48-78	:	0.11	0.03	8.8	100.1	3.9	19.2	3.2	4.9
78-105	:	0.11	0.03	7.8	99.4	4.6	20.5	3.8	4.5
105-153	:	0.09	0.03	8.1	100.0	4.4	20.0	3.6	4.5
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the soil:

Depth (cm)		SiO2 (wt%)	Al2O3 (wt%)	Fe2O3 (wt%)	CaO (wt%)	MgO (wt%)	K2O (wt%)	Na2O (wt%)	TiO2 (wt%)
0-23	:	85.2	6.6	1.1	0.30	0.10	1.80	-	0.60
23-32	:	87.3	6.4	0.9	0.30	0.10	1.80	-	0.60
32-48	:	77.7	10.8	3.0	0.40	0.00	1.60	-	0.60
48-78	:	77.6	11.0	2.7	0.50	0.40	1.70	-	0.60
78-105	:	78.2	10.3	2.6	0.60	0.40	1.90	-	0.60
105-153	:	79.1	10.4	2.5	0.50	0.50	1.90	-	0.60
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		MnO2 (wt%)	P2O5 (wt%)	LOI (wt%)	SiO2 / Al2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)	SiO2 / R (mol/mol)	Al2O3 / Fe2O3 (mol/mol)
0-23	:	0.00	0.00	3.9	21.9	206.2	19.8	9.4
23-32	:	0.00	0.00	2.1	23.2	258.2	21.2	11.2
32-48	:	0.00	0.00	4.7	12.2	69.0	10.4	5.6
48-78	:	0.00	0.00	4.0	12.0	76.5	10.4	6.4
78-105	:	0.10	0.00	3.2	12.9	80.1	11.1	6.2
105-153	:	0.00	0.00	3.2	12.9	84.2	11.2	6.5
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-23	:	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	strong	weak	-	-	-
23-32	:	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	strong	weak	-	-	-
32-48	:	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	weak	medium to strong	weak	-	-	-
48-78	:	-	-	-	-	strong	-	weak	medium to strong	weak	-	-	-
78-105	:	-	-	-	-	strong	-	weak	medium to strong	weak	-	-	-
105-153	:	-	-	-	-	strong	-	weak	medium to strong	weak	-	-	-
0-18	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description:

Ah 0-23 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist) light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry), loam, moderately coherent massive to weak medium subangular blocky, hard friable, common fine faint diffuse mottles (10YR 3/4), common very fine discontinuous inped vesicular pores and few discontinuous inped tubular pores, few small spherical hard manganiferous concretions, very few stones weathered quartz very few medium gravel weathered quartz fragments, smooth boundary to,
E 23-32 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist) light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry), loam, massive to weak platy, hard friable, common fine faint diffuse mottles (10YR 4/4), very few small spherical hard manganiferous concretions, very few stones weathered quartz very few medium gravel weathered quartz fragments, abrupt broken boundary to,
Btg1 32-48 cm	(10YR 4.5/2, moist) light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry), clay loam, strong medium prismatic to angular blocky, very hard firm, many coarse prominent diffuse mottles (7.5YR 5/6), continuous thick clay cutans, no few fine discontinuous exped tubular vertical pores, few small spherical soft manganiferous nodules, very few stones weathered quartz fragments, gradual smooth boundary to,
Btg2 48-78 cm	(10YR 4.5/2, moist) (10YR 6.5/2, dry), clay loam, strong coarse prismatic to angular blocky, very hard very firm, common medium prominent diffuse mottles (7.5YR 5/6), broken moderately thick cutans, no few fine discontinuous inped tubular vertical pores, very few small spherical hard manganiferous nodules and very few large irregular soft manganiferous nodules, very few stones weathered quartz fragments, diffuse wavy boundary to,
BC 78-105 cm	greyish brown (2.5Y 5/2, moist) light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, dry), clay loam, strong coarse wedge-shaped angular blocky, hard very firm, broken moderately thick cutans, no few fine discontinuous exped and inped tubular random pores and few vesicular random pores, many small spherical soft manganiferous nodules, diffuse smooth boundary to,
C 105-153 cm	(2.5Y 5.5/2, moist) light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, dry) , clay loam, moderate medium angular blocky, extremely hard, broken thin clay cutans, common very fine discontinuous exped and inped tubular pores, few large spherical hard manganiferous nodules and very few medium angular hard gypsiferous nodules,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	unconsolidated, unspecified
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	loamy
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	moderate
Remarks on Parent Materials	Mid-late Pleistocene

Current land use at the site	cultivated pasture
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Vegetation: Landuse: Locally rice cultivation

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	10 m asl
Regional landform	plain
Topography of the surrounding country	undulating
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	coastal plain
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	flat

Depth of groundwater table	0 cm
Groundwater Top	23 cm
Groundwater Bottom	32 cm
Top Stagnating Layer	32 cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	48 cm
Runoff	ponded
Flooding frequency	irregular
Nature of floodwater	fresh
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage Class	poor

Microrelief Pattern	closed depression
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Cracks	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

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Reference soil Uruguay 01: Planosol