Reference soil Uruguay 02: Phaeozem

UY002

Phaeozems occur all over the world, but especially on the more moist side of the steppe regions, bordering Chernozems.

Characteristics

Soils having a mollic horizon (deep, brownish or blackish surface horizon with a significant accumulation of organic matter and high base saturation); a base saturation of 50 percent or more between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface; a calcium carbonate-free soil matrix at least to a depth of 100 cm from the soil surface, or to a contrasting layer between 25 and 100 cm; no diagnostic horizons other than an albic, argic, cambic or vertic horizon, or a petrocalcic horizon in the substratum.

Distribution of Phaeozems (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil UY002: Phaeozems

LITERATURE: Terzaghi, A. (19 ) Characterísticas Físicas de los principales suelos agrícolas de Canelones-Montevideo. Technical Bulletin No. 8 part 1 and 2. Canelones-Montevideo soil chart (1:100.000)

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Luvic- Phaeozem (Calcaric Hyposodic Clayic)

Cutani-Hyposodic- Luvisol

0-39 cm	mollic horizon
15-57 cm	argic horizon
-	calcaric

0-39 cm	mollic horizon
15-57 cm	argic horizon
-	calcaric

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Calcari-Luvic Phaeozem sodic

Luvic Phaeozem sodic

0-39 cm	mollic A horizon
15-57 cm	argic B horizon
-	calcaric

0-39 cm

mollic A horizon

Local classification:	Brunosol éutrico típico Lac

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-17	-	0.1	0.7	2.5	5.1	17.1	25.5	27.7	14.9	42.6	31.9
17-35	-	0.1	0.3	1.3	3.1	12.1	16.9	20.5	14.8	35.3	47.8
35-50	-	0.0	0.3	1.1	2.4	11.9	15.7	19.6	14.2	33.8	50.5
50-63	-	0.2	0.3	0.8	2.3	12.5	16.1	23.7	13.6	37.3	46.6
63-90	-	0.1	0.1	0.5	2.1	15.0	17.8	25.3	21.2	46.5	35.8
90-100	-	0.0	0.1	0.5	2.5	20.7	23.8	38.3	19.5	57.8	18.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-17	-	-	-	-	31.9
17-35	-	-	-	-	47.8
35-50	-	-	-	-	50.5
50-63	-	-	-	-	46.6
63-90	-	-	-	-	35.8
90-100	-	-	-	-	18.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-17	6.8	5.8	0.29	1.5	2.09	0.21	10	-	-	23.1	4.6	0.9	0.4	29.0
17-35	7.1	5.7	0.27	2.2	1.27	0.13	10	-	-	30.3	7.7	0.7	1.3	40.0
35-50	8.2	6.9	0.37	4.6	0.75	0.09	8	-	-	35.9	8.7	0.7	2.0	47.3
50-63	8.6	7.1	0.49	8.2	0.45	0.07	6	-	-	35.0	8.2	0.7	2.4	46.3
63-90	8.8	7.0	0.36	10.0	0.26	-	-	-	-	34.2	8.2	0.5	3.2	46.1
90-100	9.1	7.2	0.33	20.4	0.14	-	-	-	-	29.6	6.5	0.3	3.5	39.9

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-17	93	31.2	98	7.3	-	-	1
17-35	101	39.7	83	4.4	-	-	3
35-50	126	37.6	74	2.6	-	-	5
50-63	135	34.3	74	1.6	-	-	7
63-90	134	34.3	96	0.9	-	-	9
90-100	140	28.4	154	0.5	-	-	12

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-17	-	-	-	0.14	0.07	0.61	0.10	0.03	0.01	-	0.24
17-35	-	-	-	0.19	0.08	0.61	0.12	0.01	0.01	-	0.14
35-50	-	-	-	0.17	0.10	0.57	0.10	0.02	0.03	-	0.07
50-63	-	-	-	0.15	0.09	0.53	0.07	0.01	0.02	-	0.05
63-90	-	-	-	0.14	0.08	0.46	0.05	0.01	0.02	-	0.03
90-100	-	-	-	0.09	0.06	0.28	0.03	0.00	0.00	-	0.01

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-17	-	weak	-	-	-	-	weak	weak	-	weak	strong	-
17-35	-	weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak	-	medium to strong	strong	-
35-50	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	medium to strong	strong	-
50-63	-	medium to strong	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak	strong	-
63-90	-	weak	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	weak	very strong	-
90-100	-	weak	-	-	-	-	very weak	weak to medium	-	very weak	very strong	-

Profile description

0-17 cm	(10YR 2/5, dry)clay loam,strong coarse subangular blocky,soft friable slightly sticky,gradual smooth boundary to,
17-35 cm	(10YR 3/1.5, dry)black (10YR 2/1, dry),clay,clay loam,strong coarse angular blocky,hard firm plastic,slightly hard friable slightly sticky,clear smooth boundary to,smooth boundary to,
35-50 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, dry)clay,strong coarse wedge-shaped angular blocky,very hard very friable plastic,wavy boundary to,
50-63 cm	(7.5YR 5/3, dry)silty clay loam,S coarse angular blocky,hard firm slightly plastic,irregular boundary to,
63-90 cm	(7.5YR 5/3, dry)clay loam,strong,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	shale
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	colluvial
Texture of parent material	loamy
Weathering Resistance	moderate

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	cultivated pasture
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Rye grass and white clover; ancient flora Acacia caven LANDUSE:

Altitude	15m
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	hill
Slope	1%
Slope Aspect	north
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	slightly alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Uruguay 02: Phaeozem

Characteristics

Reference soil UY002: Phaeozems

Classification