Reference soil Uruguay 03: Luvisol

UY003

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil UY003: Luvisols

HYDROLOGY: Moisture conditions: Deeper than 23 cm more wet. MORPHOLOGY: B2 10YR3/6-mottles are bigger and have orange boundaries at the bottom of the horizon C colour also 2.5YR5/8 and 5YR5/8 (both dry) pedotubules of organic matter abundant ferrogenous and quartzic concretions as well as contretions with black minerals and vermiculite

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Endoleptic-Cutanic- Luvisol (Clayic)

Cutani-Endoleptic- Luvisol

23-55 cm	argic horizon
-	continuous rock

0-23 cm	ochric horizon
23-55 cm	argic horizon
-	continuous hard rock

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Haplic Luvisol lithic

Orthic Luvisol lithic

0-23 cm	ochric A horizon
23-55 cm	argic B horizon
-	continuous hard rock

0-23 cm

ochric A horizon

Local classification:	Brunosol subéutrico lúvico ArFr

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-23	-	9.5	10.6	11.2	15.7	8.4	55.4	18.0	9.9	27.9	16.7
23-55	-	9.5	5.2	3.7	4.5	3.0	25.9	7.4	6.2	13.6	60.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-23	1.255	-	-	-	16.7
23-55	1.398	-	-	-	60.5

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-23	1.255	42.4	39.4	33.3	26.6	23.3	21.3	34.1	10.6
23-55	1.398	46.5	42.9	37.7	34.7	32.1	30.8	37.0	33.0

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-23	5.8	4.6	0.19	-	1.74	0.14	12	-	-	4.1	1.6	0.6	0.0	6.3
23-55	5.7	4.2	0.09	-	1.51	0.13	12	-	-	10.8	6.4	0.7	0.2	18.1

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-23	76	8.3	50	6.1	-	-	0
23-55	87	20.9	35	5.3	-	-	1

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-23	-	-	-	0.08	0.01	0.61	0.08	0.07	0.03	-	0.17
23-55	-	-	-	0.28	0.03	1.78	0.27	0.15	0.08	-	0.30

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-23	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	-	very weak	medium to strong	-
23-55	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak	-	very weak	very weak	-
55-	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	-	very weak	medium to strong	-

Profile description

Ah 0-23 cm	(7.5YR 4.5/4, dry) dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, moist)loamy sand gravelly,weak very fine subangular blocky,slightly hard friable slightly sticky,frequent Granite frequent Qu & Fe (mixed) fragments,clear irregular boundary to,
Bw 23-55 cm	(2.5YR 3.4/no, dry) dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3, moist)clay gravelly,strong medium angular blocky,hard firm plastic,many medium distinct clear mottles (10YR 3/6) and common medium prominent mottles (2.5YR 4/8),broken thin clay and sesquioxide cutans,very frequent granite frequent Qu & Fe (mixed) fragments,abrupt irregular boundary to,
C 55-81 cm	white (10YR 8/2, dry)platy,hard very firm,few coarse prominent diffuse mottles (10R 3/6) and (2.5YR 4/8),patchy moderately thick clay cutans,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	granite
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	granite alter., hard
Soil Depth	57cm
Texture of parent material	clayey
Weathering Resistance	poor

Intensity of the soil erosion type	moderate
Soil erosion type	sheet

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Dominant species: Stipa charruzna, Piptochaetium stipoides, Paspalum plicatulum, Paspalum notatum, Axonopus affinis, Cyperus sp. And Bothriochloa paguroides LANDUSE:
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	grassland

Altitude	123m
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	hill
Slope	2%
Slope Aspect	north
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Uruguay 03: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil UY003: Luvisols

Classification