Reference soil Uruguay 09: Planosol

UY009

Planosols occur in level landscapes throughout the world often associated with broad river valleys.

Characteristics

Soils having an eluvial horizon, the lower boundary of which is marked. within 100 cm from the soil surface, by an abrupt textural change associated with stagnic properties above that boundary. The feature of albeluvic tonguing, however, is lacking.

Distribution of Planosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil UY009: Planosols

Duran, A. (1973) Caracterizacion y genesis de algunas Praderas Arenosas de Tacuarembo y Rivera. Ministerio de Ganaderia y Agricultura. Direccion de Suelos y Fertilizantes. Montevideo, Uruguay. Technical Bulletin No. 2. (profile with name 25-24)

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Umbric-Alic- Planosol (Alumic)

Profondi-Endostagnic- Luvisol (Hyperdystric)

0-53 cm	umbric horizon
53-160 cm	argic horizon
-	stagnic colour pattern
-	reducing conditions

0-53 cm	umbric horizon
53-160 cm	argic horizon
-	stagnic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Umbri-Stagnic Alisol

Humic Acrisol

0-53 cm	umbric A horizon
53-160 cm	argic B horizon
-	stagnic

0-53 cm	umbric A horizon
53-160 cm	argillic B horizon
-	ferric
-	hydromorphic

Local classification:	Luvisol ocrico abrúptico Ar, hm

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-23	-	0.1	0.1	1.1	49.9	26.6	77.8	7.5	4.7	12.2	10.1
23-61	-	0.1	0.1	1.0	46.6	27.2	75.0	7.9	5.1	13.0	12.1
61-73	-	0.1	0.1	0.9	41.6	23.5	66.2	6.6	4.1	10.7	23.2
73-95	-	0.1	0.1	0.8	38.0	22.9	61.9	6.3	5.3	11.6	26.7
95-120	-	0.1	0.1	0.7	38.4	26.0	65.3	6.7	5.1	11.8	22.9
120-133	-	0.1	0.1	0.4	32.9	27.2	60.7	9.3	5.9	15.2	24.2
133-	-	0.0	0.0	0.2	26.8	25.0	52.0	11.9	12.5	24.4	23.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-23	-	-	-	1.8	10.1
23-61	-	-	-	2.4	12.1
61-73	-	-	-	4.0	23.2
73-95	-	-	-	4.0	26.7
95-120	-	-	-	2.5	22.9
120-133	-	-	-	3.5	24.2
133-	-	-	-	3.0	23.7

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-23	4.3	3.9	0.17	-	0.95	0.08	12	1.1	0.7	0.6	0.9	0.2	0.0	1.7
23-61	4.4	3.8	0.06	-	0.64	0.07	9	1.8	1.1	0.4	0.5	0.1	0.0	1.0
61-73	4.5	3.8	0.06	-	0.70	0.09	8	3.9	2.9	0.8	0.9	0.2	0.0	1.9
73-95	4.7	3.8	0.04	-	0.52	0.07	7	3.8	2.9	1.0	1.1	0.2	0.0	2.3
95-120	5.0	3.9	0.03	-	0.36	0.05	7	2.4	1.6	1.4	2.0	0.2	0.1	3.7
120-133	5.2	3.9	0.04	-	0.22	0.03	7	2.8	2.0	3.9	4.6	0.3	0.1	8.9
133-	5.3	3.8	0.04	-	0.07	0.01	7	2.4	1.8	5.8	6.8	0.3	0.2	13.1

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-23	24	7.0	69	3.3	-	10	0
23-61	13	7.9	65	2.2	-	14	0
61-73	15	12.4	53	2.5	-	23	0
73-95	19	12.4	46	1.8	-	23	0
95-120	29	12.6	55	1.3	-	13	1
120-133	39	22.8	94	0.8	-	9	0
133-	45	29.0	122	0.2	-	6	1

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-23	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-	-
23-61	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-	-
61-73	-	-	-	-	-	0.50	0.20	-	-	-	-
73-95	-	-	-	-	-	0.70	0.20	-	-	-	-
95-120	-	-	-	-	-	0.60	0.20	-	-	-	-
120-133	-	-	-	-	-	0.40	0.10	-	-	-	-
133-	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-23	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	medium to strong	weak	medium to strong	-
61-73	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	medium to strong	weak	medium to strong	-
95-120	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	medium to strong	-	medium to strong	-
133-	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	medium to strong	very weak	very weak	strong	-

Profile description

Ah1 0-23 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silty clay,weak fine subangular blocky,very friable,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ah2 23-53 cm	very dark brown (10YR 2/2, moist)silty clay,weak coarse subangular blocky,very friable,common fine faint diffuse mottles (10YR 5/8),gradual smooth boundary to,
BA 53-69 cm	(10YR 3.5/4, moist)silty clay,moderate coarse angular blocky,firm,common fine faint diffuse mottles (7.5YR 4/4),clear wavy boundary to,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Texture of parent material	loamy

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	tall grassland

Altitude	140m
Physiographic position of the site	slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	9%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	rolling

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Uruguay 09: Planosol

Characteristics

Reference soil UY009: Planosols

Classification