Reference soil Nigeria 16: Acrisol

NG016

Acrisols occur dominantly in the wetter parts of the tropics and subtropics and the warm temperate regions in relatively young landscapes.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon), which has a cation exchange capacity of less than 24 cmolc per kg in some part, either starting within 100 cm from the soil surface, or within 200 cm from the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout. They have a base saturation (total amount of Ca, Mg, K and Na with respect to the cation exchange capacity) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface

Distribution of Acrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil NG016: Acrisols

BRIEF CHARACTERIZATION OF THE SOIL: Very deep, well drained, brown sandy clay, derived from coastal plain sand, with a thick dark brown topsoil and strong mottling in the subsoil. PARENT MATERIAL: Derived from coastal plain sand.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Acrisol (Alumic Chromic)

Chromi-Alumic- Acrisol

10-120 cm

argic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Haplic Acrisol

Ferric Acrisol

0-10 cm	ochric A horizon
10-120 cm	argic B horizon
-	ferric

0-10 cm	ochric A horizon
10-120 cm	argillic B horizon
-	ferric

Local classification:	Elieta Series

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Paleudult udic coarse-loamy over clayey kaolinitic isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	0	0.6	8.1	33.5	33.8	7.1	83.1	7.0	4.2	11.2	5.7
10-30	0	1.0	7.8	29.1	29.7	7.7	75.3	8.4	4.9	13.3	11.5
30-60	0	1.4	9.0	25.2	23.4	6.7	65.7	8.6	5.2	13.8	20.6
60-120	0	1.0	9.4	25.8	24.7	7.3	68.2	0.9	6.7	7.6	24.3
120-170	0	1.5	8.4	24.5	24.1	6.5	65	6.4	8.5	14.9	20.1
170-240	0	2.7	9.7	20.4	17.0	6.3	56.1	9.8	8.6	18.4	25.5
240-310	0	4.4	13.5	28.4	14.3	3.5	64.1	4.6	6.7	11.3	24.6
310-390	0	4.7	14.3	26.2	18.0	3.1	66.3	3.8	3.3	7.1	26.6
390-440	0	12.3	20.0	26.9	16.1	1.2	76.5	1.4	2.4	3.8	19.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
5-10	1.43	-	-	-	-
0-10	-	-	-	2.0	5.7
55-60	1.49	-	-	-	-
10-30	-	-	-	7.0	11.5
110-115	1.53	-	-	-	-
30-60	-	-	-	7.5	20.6
60-120	-	-	-	11.7	24.3
120-170	-	-	-	3.5	20.1
170-240	-	-	-	1.4	25.5
240-310	-	-	-	3.6	24.6
310-390	-	-	-	0.9	26.6
390-440	-	-	-	1.5	19.7

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
5-10	1.43	38.6	36.3	27.1	19.9	17.8	16.1	7.8	7.4
55-60	1.49	34.8	34.0	30.4	25.1	23.0	20.8	15.4	15.2
110-115	1.53	35.4	34.9	32.2	26.7	24.5	21.1	16.1	15.8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	4.5	4.1	0.07	-	1.06	0.07	15	0.9	0.7	0.8	0.2	0.0	0.1	1.1
10-30	4.5	4.2	0.05	-	0.51	0.05	10	1.7	1.6	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.3
30-60	4.6	4.2	0.02	-	0.31	0.04	8	2.6	2.5	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.3	0.3
60-120	4.9	4.2	0.01	-	0.23	0.03	8	2.6	2.3	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	-
120-170	5.0	4.2	0.01	-	0.17	0.02	9	2.1	1.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	-
170-240	5.1	4.2	0.01	-	0.18	0.02	9	3.0	2.7	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.1
240-310	5.2	4.1	0.01	-	0.09	0.01	9	3.2	2.9	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.4
310-390	5.2	4.1	0.01	-	0.07	0.01	7	3.5	3.2	0.0	0.0	0.5	0.1	0.6
390-440	5.2	4.1	0.01	-	0.12	0.01	12	2.7	2.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2	0.2

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	35	3.1	68	3.7	-	18	3
10-30	10	3.0	32	1.8	-	43	3
30-60	9	3.5	20	1.1	-	61	9
60-120	-	3.1	15	0.8	-	62	0
120-170	-	2.8	14	0.6	-	64	0
170-240	3	4.0	18	0.6	-	59	0
240-310	11	3.8	19	0.3	-	63	3
310-390	11	5.5	21	0.2	-	58	2
390-440	5	3.7	19	0.4	-	59	5

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	0.02	-	0.30	0.06	-	-	-	0.02
10-30	-	-	-	0.05	-	0.41	0.12	-	-	-	0.05
30-60	-	-	-	0.08	-	0.77	0.21	-	-	-	0.05
60-120	-	-	-	0.05	-	0.79	0.18	-	-	-	0.05
120-170	-	-	-	0.05	-	0.81	0.18	-	-	-	0.03
170-240	-	-	-	0.07	-	1.99	0.30	-	-	-	0.05
240-310	-	-	-	0.08	-	1.97	0.25	-	-	-	0.05
310-390	-	-	-	0.05	-	1.38	0.22	-	-	-	0.03
390-440	-	-	-	0.05	-	0.64	0.09	-	-	-	0.02

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-10	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	very weak to weak	weak	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-
10-30	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	weak	weak	very weak to weak	very weak to weak	-
30-60	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	weak	weak	very weak	very weak to weak	-
60-120	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	weak	weak	very weak	very weak to weak	-
120-170	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	weak	weak	very weak	very weak	-
170-240	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	weak	weak	very weak	very weak	-
240-310	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	weak	weak	very weak	very weak	-
310-390	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	very weak to weak	weak	very weak	very weak	-
390-440	-	-	-	weak	-	-	very strong	very weak to weak	weak	very weak	very weak	-

Profile description

Ah1 0-10 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)Description sand,weak medium subangular blocky,soft very friable non sticky non sticky,many very fine tubular pores and many interstitial pores,many fine and common medium roots,non calcareous,clear smooth boundary to,
Ah2 10-30 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)loamy sand,weak medium subangular blocky,very friable non sticky non plastic,many very fine and fine tubular pores,many fine and common medium roots,non calcareous,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bt1 30-60 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/2, moist)sandy clay loam,moderate medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many very fine and fine tubular pores,common fine and few medium roots,few termite channels,non calcareous,diffuse smooth boundary to,
Bt2 60-120 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, moist)sandy clay loam,moderate medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many very fine and fine tubular pores,few fine roots,few termite channels,non calcareous,diffuse smooth boundary to,
Btg 120-180 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, moist)sandy clay loam,moderate medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many (15-40%) medium mottles 2.5YR5/6 (red),many very fine and fine tubular pores,few fine roots,non calcareous,gradual boundary to,
Auger 180-250 cm	light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, moist)sandy clay loam,abundant (>40%) coarse prominent mottles 2.5YR4/8 (red),non calcareous,diffuse boundary to,
Auger 250-440 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, moist)sandy clay loam,abundant (>40%) coarse prominent mottles 2.5YR4/8 (red),non calcareous,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	fluvial
Remarks on Parent Materials	Sombreiri Warri
Soil Depth	180cm
Texture of parent material	loamy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	fallow
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Bush regrowth

Altitude	0m
Physiographic Unit	levee or higher part of plain
Physiographic position of the site	crest
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	delta
Slope	0%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Dry From - To	0-20cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	500cm
Depth to groundwater table	330cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	180cm
Moist From - To	20-380cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	very slow
Wet From To	440cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	surface partly slaked, round smooth aggregates
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Nigeria 16: Acrisol

Characteristics

Reference soil NG016: Acrisols

Classification