Reference soil Brazil 20: Arenosol

BR020

Arenosols occur over large areas in Africa, central and western Australia, the Middle East and central China. Smaller areas are found along coastlines all over the world.

Characteristics

Soils with a loamy sand or coarser texture either to a depth of at least 100 cm from the soil surface, or to a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon between 50 and 100 cm from the soil surface. They contain less than 35 percent (by volume) rock fragments or other coarse fragments within 100 cm from the soil surface and have no diagnostic horizons other than an ochric, yermic or albic horizon, a (petro-)plinthic or salic horizon below 50 cm from the soil surface, or an argic or spodic horizon below 200 cm below the soil surface.

Distribution of Arenosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil BR020: Arenosols

Very deep, excessively drained, light yellowish brown sand derived from Tertiary sediments. Parent material: Tertiary sediments of the "Barreiras-group", the genesis of the barreiras sediments is not yet understood. Climate of site is considered to be in between station Guarabira and Joao Pessoa (see bra19). Year sum precipitation of Mamanguape is: 1245mm. At a depth of 175cm is present an iron fibre, irregular, wavy, with a thickness of a few mm. See Boletim tecnico no35 (ISRIC-library), slides no. 9827-9831

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Ferralic-Brunic- Arenosol (Eutric)

Eutri-Ferralic- Arenosol

ferralic

0-50 cm	ochric horizon
-	ferralic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Ferralic Arenosol

Ferralic Arenosol

0-50 cm	ochric A horizon
-	ferralic

0-50 cm	ochric A horizon
-	ferralic

Local classification:	Areia Quartzosa distrófica

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Quartzipsamment
USDA-SCS (1975)	Quartzipsamment ustic sandy siliceous

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-6	-	1.5	15.7	39.6	30.1	6.7	93.6	1.4	2.3	3.7	2.6
6-19	-	2.2	13.6	31.2	38.7	9.6	95.3	2.2	0.3	2.5	2.3
19-50	-	3.1	18.2	31.9	33.7	8.7	95.6	1.2	1.0	2.2	2.3
50-75	-	2.4	16.2	30.8	37.2	5.0	91.6	1.6	0.8	2.4	1.5
75-175	-	2.9	15.2	28.3	37.2	10.3	93.9	2.2	0.7	2.9	3.2
175-225	-	3.0	14.3	29.4	33.6	9.6	89.9	2.2	1.5	3.7	6.4
225-275	20	2.7	11.7	25.3	32.2	9.7	81.6	4.7	5.6	10.3	8.1

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
20-25	1.459	-	-	-	-
0-6	-	-	-	0.5	2.6
100-105	1.572	-	-	-	-
6-19	-	-	-	0.5	2.3
19-50	-	-	-	1.0	2.3
50-75	-	-	-	1.4	1.5
75-175	-	-	-	1.4	3.2
175-225	-	-	-	4.7	6.4
225-275	-	-	-	5.6	8.1

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
20-25	1.459	40.5	37.0	24.5	6.9	5.6	5.0	2.3	2.2
100-105	1.572	36.4	35.4	27.5	8.1	5.8	4.8	3.1	2.9

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-6	5.4	4.7	0.21	-	1.00	0.07	14	0	0	2.2	0.3	0.1	0.0	2.6
6-19	5.5	4.4	0.04	-	0.42	0.03	14	0.2	0	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.7
19-50	6.2	4.8	0.02	-	0.29	-	-	0.1	0	0.6	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.7
50-75	6.1	4.7	0.01	-	0.10	-	-	0.1	0	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.1	0.4
75-175	6.1	4.8	0.01	-	0.16	-	-	0.1	0	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	0.3
175-225	6.2	4.9	0.01	-	0.16	-	-	0.1	0	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.2	0.5
225-275	6.2	5.1	0.01	-	0.49	-	-	0.1	0	0.4	0.2	0.0	0.2	0.8

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-6	68	3.8	146	3.5	-	0	0
6-19	44	1.6	70	1.5	-	0	0
19-50	70	1.0	43	1.0	-	0	0
50-75	133	0.3	20	0.4	-	0	33
75-175	33	0.9	28	0.6	-	0	0
175-225	71	0.7	11	0.6	-	0	29
225-275	114	0.7	9	1.7	-	0	29

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-6	-	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	-	-	-	-
6-19	-	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	-	-	-	-
19-50	-	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.10	-	-	-	-
50-75	-	-	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	-	-	-	-
75-175	-	-	-	-	-	0.20	0.10	-	-	-	-
175-225	-	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	-	-	-	-
225-275	-	-	-	-	-	0.50	0.40	-	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-6	-	-	weak	medium to strong	-	-	strong	-	-	weak	-	-
6-19	-	-	weak	medium to strong	-	-	strong	-	-	weak	-	-
19-50	-	-	weak	medium to strong	-	-	strong	-	-	weak	-	-
50-75	-	-	weak	medium to strong	-	-	strong	-	-	weak	-	-
75-175	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	-	strong	-	-	weak	-	-
175-225	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	-	strong	-	-	weak	-	-
225-275	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	weak	-	-

Profile description

Ah1 0-6 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)Description sand,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial random pores,clear smooth boundary to,
Ah2 6-19 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)Description sand,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial random pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
Ah3 19-50 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)Description sand,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial random pores,clear smooth boundary to,
AC 50-75 cm	light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4, moist)Description sand,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial random pores,clear smooth boundary to,
C1 75-175 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)Description sand,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial random pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
2C2 175-225 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 4/6, moist)loamy sand,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,many very fine interstitial random pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
2Cg 225-275 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 4/6, moist)loamy sand,structureless single grain,loose non sticky non plastic,common medium irregular soft ferruginous segregations,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	marine sediments
Remarks on Parent Materials	Tertiary sediments of the "Barreiras-group"; the genesis of these sediments is not yet well-understood
Soil Depth	275cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	(semi-)natural vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Low trees, shrubs and herbs/grasses LANDUSE:
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous woodland

Altitude	150m
Physiographic Unit	not dissected part of ct
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	marine terrace
Slope	1%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	somewhat excessive
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-275cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	rapid

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Brazil 20: Arenosol

Characteristics

Reference soil BR020: Arenosols

Classification