Reference soil Indonesia 42: Fluvisol

ID042

Distribution of Fluvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Near artificial drain.

Micro relief: Crab mounds. Down to 56 cm there is a lot of activity of marine organisms (crabs).

Flooding: Tidal floods occuring between 13:00 and 19:00 hour. Tidal fluctuation is 2 to 5 meters.

Additional noteson profile description: 1 - mottles are irregular. 2 - mottles : many rounded and ex along roots. 3,4&5 - unripe clay. In all the horizons organic matter is encountered, like small and fine root remnants.

WRB 2006:

Salic Tidalic Fluvisol(Thionic Sodic Siltic)
0-120 cm n	salic horizo
81-120 cm	thionic horizon
	fluvic material

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Sali-

Thionic Fluvisol

saline phase

81-120 cm	sulfuric horizon
	fluvic properties
	sulfidic materials

81-120 cm	sulfuric horizon
	sulfidic materials

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Sulfaquept

USDA-SCS (1975)

Sulfaquept

Classification (other)	Gleysol Thionik
	Deep, very poorly drained, gray silty clay of marine origin under a mangrove forest. Flooded daily by tide.

Location:

Sumatra, Riau, Bengkalis, Bukit Kapur, Geniut

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-16	:	-	0.0	0.0	0.1	2.4	-	22.9	34.8	-	39.9
16-33	:	-	0.0	0.1	0.1	2.4	-	26.0	36.2	-	35.1
33-46	:	-	0.1	0.1	0.1	2.6	-	25.6	33.6	-	38.0
46-81	:	-	0.1	0.1	0.2	4.0	-	28.1	32.3	-	35.2
81-120	:	-	0.1	0.0	0.1	3.4	-	25.7	31.1	-	39.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
0-16	:	0.780	70.4	69.3	66.5	61.3	56.8	52.6	26.5	22.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
16-33	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.740	70.9	69.5	66.6	62.4	58.3	54.0	24.2	20.0	-
46-81	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
81-120	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-16	:	-	-	-	26.1	39.9
16-33	:	-	-	-	20.1	35.1
33-46	:	-	-	-	18.5	38.0
46-81	:	-	-	-	15.6	35.2
81-120	:	-	-	-	7.0	39.6

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-16	:	6.5	6.1	8.00	-	3.30	-	-	-	-	4.9	15.0	1.8	11.1	-
16-33	:	6.6	6.2	8.90	-	3.34	-	-	-	-	4.0	13.7	1.9	11.3	-
33-46	:	6.0	5.6	12.20	-	3.83	-	-	-	-	5.6	13.2	2.1	10.4	-
46-81	:	4.5	4.3	14.30	-	5.34	-	-	-	-	6.4	11.7	1.9	8.7	-
81-120	:	3.3	3.1	18.00	-	7.03	-	-	-	-	6.9	6.7	1.5	4.6	-

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-16	:	-	-	11.6	-	-	-	40
16-33	:	-	-	11.7	-	-	-	42
33-46	:	-	-	13.4	-	-	-	39
46-81	:	-	-	15.8	-	-	-	30
81-120	:	-	-	14.9	-	-	-	16

Depth (cm)		pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-16	:	-	-	-	-	0.50	0.10	0.50	-	-	-
16-33	:	-	-	-	-	0.40	0.10	0.50	-	-	-
33-46	:	-	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	0.30	-	-	-
46-81	:	-	-	-	-	0.20	0.10	0.20	-	-	-
81-120	:	-	-	-	-	0.40	0.10	0.50	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-16	:	very large	medium	-	-	very large	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
16-33	:	very large	medium	-	-	large	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
33-46	:	very large	medium	-	-	very large	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
46-81	:	large	medium	-	-	large	-	-	small	small	-	-	-
81-120	:	medium	medium	-	-	large	-	-	small	small	-	-	-

Soluble salts:

Depth (cm)		Ca (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Mg (mmol (c) / kg soil)	K (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Na (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Sum Cations (mmol (c) / kg soil)	HCO3 (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Cl (mmol (c) / kg soil)	SO4 (mmol (c) / kg soil)	Sum anions (mmol (c) / kg soil)
0-16	:	19.00	66.7	5.2	264.8	-	3.5	331.8	48.2	-
16-33	:	24.30	80.0	6.7	323.5	-	5.0	392.5	54.4	-
33-46	:	36.00	125.0	8.7	440.2	-	3.0	541.9	106.6	-
46-81	:	28.00	283.0	6.5	543.5	-	1.0	630.1	353.5	-
81-120	:	4.40	283.0	1.6	521.7	-	1.0	598.8	453.4	-

Soluble salts:

Depth (cm)		Sodium Ads. Ratio	pH e	EC e (mS/cm)	EC 1 : 5 (mS/cm)
0-16	:	40	-	36.0	-
16-33	:	45	-	42.0	-
33-46	:	49	-	54.0	-
46-81	:	44	-	100.0	-
81-120	:	44	-	110.0	-

Profile description:

Cg1 0-16 cm	grey (5Y 5/1, moist), silty clay, weak medium subangular blocky, very sticky very plastic, many coarse mottles (7.5YR 4/4) and many coarse mottles (7.5YR 4/6), many fine pores and many pores, gradual smooth boundary to,
2Cg2 16-33 cm	(2.5Y 6/1, moist), silt loam, massive, very sticky very plastic, (10YR 4/6), few fine pores and many pores, clear smooth boundary to,
3C1 33-46 cm	grey (5Y 5/1, moist), silt loam, very sticky very plastic, diffuse smooth boundary to,
4C2 46-81 cm	grey (5Y 5/1, moist), silt loam, sticky very plastic, diffuse smooth boundary to,
5C3 81-120 cm	grey (5Y 5/1, moist), silt loam, sticky very plastic

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	marine sediments
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	clayey

Current land use at the site	(semi-)natural vegetation
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	evergreen forest
Status of vegetation	primary
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	2 m asl
Regional landform	tidal flat
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	marine system
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	flat

Microrelief Pattern	isolated
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Cracks	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	moderately saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

Soil erosion type (1st entry)
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability

Depth of groundwater table	120 cm
Flooding frequency	daily
Drainage Class	very poor

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Reference soil Indonesia 42: Fluvisol