Reference soil Colombia 03: Acrisol

CO003

Acrisols occur dominantly in the wetter parts of the tropics and subtropics and the warm temperate regions in relatively young landscapes.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon), which has a cation exchange capacity of less than 24 cmolc per kg in some part, either starting within 100 cm from the soil surface, or within 200 cm from the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout. They have a base saturation (total amount of Ca, Mg, K and Na with respect to the cation exchange capacity) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface

Distribution of Acrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CO003: Acrisols

PHYSIOGRAPHY: Local relief: 10 - 20 cm. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: C - colour mottles: also 10YR7/2 and 10YR6/8. Mottling largely due to weathering of parent material, e.g. lithogenic mottles.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Plinthic- Acrisol (Alumic Chromic)

Alumi-Plinthic- Acrisol

16-90 cm	argic horizon
60-150 cm	plinthic horizon

0-16 cm	ochric horizon
16-90 cm	argic horizon
60-150 cm	plinthic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Chromi-Plinthic Acrisol

Plinthic Acrisol

0-16 cm	ochric A horizon
16-90 cm	argic B horizon
-	plinthite

0-16 cm	ochric A horizon
16-90 cm	argillic B horizon
-	plinthite

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)	Plinthustult
USDA-SCS (1975)	Plinthustult ustic coarse-loamy kaolinitic isohyperthermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-16	-	6.9	3.9	9.5	25.6	13.7	59.6	17.9	9.0	26.9	13.5
16-40	-	2.0	2.4	9.1	23.8	12.8	50.1	20.5	11.6	32.1	18.0
40-60	-	3.0	4.0	10.0	19.2	10.3	46.5	16.2	18.1	34.3	19.3
60-90	-	0.7	2.2	4.7	8.8	11.5	27.9	22.8	21.4	44.2	28.1
90-150	-	0.7	1.1	2.2	4.2	10.6	18.8	26.3	27.2	53.5	27.7

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-16	-	-	-	-	13.5
5-12	1.530	-	-	-	-
23-30	1.660	-	-	-	-
16-40	-	-	-	-	18.0
40-60	-	-	-	-	19.3
40-46	1.600	-	-	-	-
70-78	1.530	-	-	-	-
60-90	-	-	-	-	28.1
90-150	-	-	-	1.0	27.7
116-122	1.630	-	-	-	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
5-12	1.530	43.6	33.7	28.9	24.1	21.5	19.0	12.3	10.4
23-30	1.660	34.2	31.8	29.4	24.7	22.2	19.7	16.3	14.5
40-46	1.600	35.4	32.3	28.8	24.3	22.1	20.1	16.9	15.5
70-78	1.530	41.4	39.2	35.8	32.7	30.9	29.1	27.5	24.2
116-122	1.630	38.2	37.1	35.4	32.7	30.8	28.8	24.5	22.4

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-16	4.9	3.9	0.05	-	1.22	0.07	17	1.2	0.9	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
16-40	4.7	3.9	0.08	-	0.37	0.03	12	1.3	0.8	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
40-60	4.9	4.0	0.04	-	0.24	0.02	12	1.2	0.8	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0
60-90	4.8	4.0	0.07	-	0.12	0.02	6	1.6	1.3	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
90-150	4.9	3.9	0.03	-	0.05	0.02	3	1.8	1.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-16	0	4.5	33	4.3	-	20	0
16-40	8	2.6	14	1.3	-	31	0
40-60	0	2.4	12	0.8	-	33	0
60-90	3	3.7	13	0.4	-	35	0
90-150	0	3.8	14	0.2	-	37	0

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-16	-	-	-	-	-	1.50	0.20	-	-	-	-
16-40	-	-	-	-	-	1.50	0.20	-	-	-	-
40-60	-	-	-	-	-	2.50	0.30	-	-	-	-
60-90	-	-	-	-	-	5.00	0.30	-	-	-	-
90-150	-	-	-	-	-	3.00	0.20	-	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-16	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	very strong	-	medium to strong	-	-	-
16-40	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	very strong	-	medium to strong	-	-	-
40-60	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	very strong	-	medium to strong	-	-	-
60-90	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	very strong	-	medium to strong	-	-	weak
90-150	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	-	very strong	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-16 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)sandy loam slightly gravelly,very weak medium subangular blocky,slightly hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,common fine pores,few small soft concretions,clear wavy boundary to,
Bt1 16-40 cm	yellowish red (5YR 5/8, moist)sandy clay slightly gravelly,massive,hard friable slightly sticky very plastic,few fine sharp mottles (10 YR 6/8) and common medium mottles (10 YR 3/6),few fine pores,few medium soft concretions,clear wavy boundary to,
Bt2 40-60 cm	yellowish red (5YR 5/8, moist)clay slightly gravelly,massive,hard friable sticky very plastic,few fine sharp mottles (7.5 YR 6/8) and common coarse mottles (10 R 3/6),no pores,cylindrical medium soft concretions,gradual wavy boundary to,
BCv 60-90 cm	red (10R 5/6, moist)clay,massive,hard friable sticky very plastic,many medium sharp mottles (10 R 3/6) and many coarse mottles (7.5 YR 6/8),no pores,diffuse wavy boundary to,
Cv 90-150 cm	claymassive,very hard friable very sticky very plastic,many mottles (10R 4/6) and (10R 5/6),no pores,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	sedimentary rock
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	lacustrine sediments
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	Plio-Pleistocene
Soil Depth	60cm
Texture of parent material	clayey

Occurrence of soil aggradation (McDonald et al., 1984)	absent
Intensity of the soil erosion type	severe

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Dominantly Quantara and Hydropogon LANDUSE:

Altitude	250m
Physiographic Unit	flat summit of small hill
Physiographic position of the site	crest
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	lacustrine plain
Slope	0%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	steeply dissected

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Microrelief Height: variation in height	20
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Colombia 03: Acrisol

Characteristics

Reference soil CO003: Acrisols

Classification