Reference soil Indonesia 39: Podzol

ID039

Distribution of Podzols

O - organic matter: fibric/litter. A - few fine, medium and very few coarse roots; lower boundary: abrupt irregular & abrupt wavy. Bh - multicoloured: 10YR4/3 & 10YR3/4. Bfeh - pan: very thin, placic. Bfe - white (2.5Y8/8) mottles: gley. Placi - multicoloured: yellow (10YR7/8) and red (2.5YR4/8); placic

WRB 2006:

Endogleyic Albic Ortsteinic Podzol
15-34 cm	albic horizon
34-107 cm	spodic horizon
	gleyic colour pattern
	reducing conditions

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Orthi-

Gleyic Podzol

Orthic Podzol

0-15 cm	ochric A horizon
15-34 cm	albic E horizon
34-107 cm	spodic B horizon
	gleyic properties

0-15 cm	ochric A horizon
15-34 cm	albic E horizon
34-107 cm	spodic B horizon

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Placaquod

Classification (other)	Podsol
	Moderately deep, poorly drained, dark brown sandy soil with a white eluviation horizon from a depth of 15 to 34 cm, a fragipan at a depth of 60 cm, and a placic horizon at a depth of 106 cm. The parent material are sandy, white, Quaternary allu

Location:

Petani (Duri)

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-8	:	-	0.3	2.1	14.5	39.8	22.3	-	15.5	4.6	-	1.0
8-15	:	-	0.4	3.5	17.0	39.9	21.2	-	12.9	4.2	-	0.9
15-34	:	-	0.5	3.0	14.2	38.3	20.0	-	13.1	6.6	-	4.2
34-55	:	3	1.3	2.6	10.4	36.6	21.9	-	16.1	9.7	-	1.5
55-63	:	-	0.1	0.4	6.1	40.3	25.9	-	17.9	7.7	-	1.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)	Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
0-8	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8-15	:	1.230	46.1	44.3	39.5	28.1	21.5	17.2	1.1	0.8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
15-34	:	1.660	28.6	27.9	26.6	18.5	11.0	9.5	11.5	10.3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
34-55	:	1.380	44.3	43.3	40.9	36.0	32.2	28.9	2.4	1.6	-
55-63	:	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-8	:	-	-	-	0.9	1.0
8-15	:	-	-	-	0.5	0.9
15-34	:	-	-	-	0.5	4.2
34-55	:	-	-	-	0.4	1.5
55-63	:	-	-	-	2.0	1.6

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-8	:	3.2	2.7	1.29	-	4.51	-	-	-	-	0.2	0.1	0.1	-
8-15	:	5.9	4.2	0.01	-	0.06	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	-
15-34	:	4.9	4.6	0.02	-	1.10	-	-	-	-	0.2	0.0	0.0	-
34-55	:	5.2	5.1	0.02	-	0.11	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	-
55-63	:	5.3	4.9	0.02	-	0.11	-	-	-	-	0.0	0.0	0.0	-

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)
0-8	:	-	-	15.8	-	-	-
8-15	:	-	-	0.2	-	-	-
15-34	:	-	-	3.9	-	-	-
34-55	:	-	-	0.4	-	-	-
55-63	:	-	-	0.4	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-8	:	6.4	3	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-	-
8-15	:	7.0	0	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-	-
15-34	:	11.5	51	-	-	0.00	0.60	0.10	0.60	-	-	-
34-55	:	8.2	7	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.30	0.10	-	-	-
55-63	:	9.4	9	-	-	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.10	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy:

Depth (cm)		Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Vermiculite	Chlorite	Smec	Halloysite	Mixed layer	Quar	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Hematite
0-8	:	small	-	-	-	-	-	small	large	small	-	-	-
8-15	:	small	-	-	-	-	-	small	large	small	-	-	-
15-34	:	small	-	-	-	-	-	small	small	small	small	-	-
34-55	:	small	-	-	-	-	-	very small	large	small	small	-	-
55-63	:	small	-	-	-	-	-	very small	medium	medium	small	-	-

Profile description:

O 0-8 cm	black (10YR 2/1, moist), gradual smooth boundary to,
Ah 8-15 cm	black (10YR 2/1, moist), silt loam, crumb, clear smooth boundary to,
E 15-34 cm	white (10YR 8/1, moist), loamy sand, structureless single grain, very friable non sticky non plastic,
Bh 34-55 cm	loamy sand, massive, very firm non sticky non plastic, abrupt wavy boundary to,
Bhs 55-63 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist), Description sand, massive, extremely hard, fragipan pans, abrupt irregular boundary to,
Bs 63-106 cm	(10YR 8/2.5, moist), loamy sand, very friable non sticky non plastic, (2.5Y 8/8) and (10R 4/8), clear smooth boundary to,
C 107-145 cm	white (10YR 8/1, moist), Description sand, structureless single grain, non sticky non plastic

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	sediment, unconsolidated
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	sandy

Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	closed forest
Status of vegetation	primary
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Vegetation: Species: Meranti, Medang, Punai, Terentang, etc

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	0 m asl
Regional landform	plain
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	plain system
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	2 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	lower slope
Slope Aspect of the site	west

Depth of groundwater table	140 cm
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage Class	poor

Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Cracks	no cracks observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

Soil erosion type (1st entry)
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability

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Reference soil Indonesia 39: Podzol