Reference soil Cuba 04: Gleysol

CU004

Gleysols occur throughout the world where groundwater comes near to the surface, causing soils to become wet for a prolonged part of the year. They are particularly abundant in the low-lying river basins.

Characteristics

Soils having gleyic properties (properties associated with prolonged wetness) within 50 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthraquic, histic, mollic, ochric, takyric, or umbric horizon at the surface, or an andic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, plinthic, salic, sulfuric, or vitric horizon within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Gleysols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CU004: Gleysols

Short field description Deep, poorly to imperfectly drained, brownish grey, clay. The subsoil is strongly mottled, has a strong prismatic structure and slickensides. Geology: Quarternary Era, Higher Pleistocene. Camacho Formation: grey-green and brown clays and sandy clay, sometimes with gravels and small 'guijarros'. Geomorphology: fluvio-marine deltaic plain, very flat.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Haplic- Gleysol (Hyposodic Clayic)

Hyposodic- Gleysol

20-130 cm	cambic horizon
-	vertic
-	geric
-	reducing conditions

0-20 cm	ochric horizon
20-130 cm	cambic horizon
-	gleyic

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Verti-Eutric Gleysol

Eutric Gleysol

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
20-130 cm	cambic B horizon
-	gleyic
-	vertic

0-20 cm	ochric A horizon
20-130 cm	cambic B horizon
-	hydromorphic
-	vertic

Local classification:	Gley Húmoco Típico

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Tropaquept aquic clayey montmorillonitic isothermic

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	0.7	0.8	0.9	1.5	1.1	5	0.7	19.7	20.4	74.4
20-47	-	0.5	0.6	0.6	1.1	1.0	3.8	0.8	11.0	11.8	84.5
47-95	-	0.1	0.4	0.4	1.0	0.9	2.8	1.9	10.3	12.2	85.0
95-130	-	0.1	0.1	0.3	0.6	0.7	1.8	1.3	10.0	11.3	87.1
130-175	-	0.2	0.3	0.6	1.4	1.3	3.8	1.6	10.0	11.6	84.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	50.1	74.4
20-47	-	-	-	65.2	84.5
47-95	-	-	-	60.5	85.0
95-130	-	-	-	67.2	87.1
130-175	-	-	-	65.8	84.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-20	6.6	5.1	0.19	3.0	1.43	0.10	14	-	-	29.9	12.2	0.2	1.7	44.0
20-47	5.7	4.0	0.18	-	0.42	0.06	7	-	-	34.5	14.7	0.2	2.6	52.0
47-95	5.1	3.6	0.28	-	0.17	-	-	-	-	30.3	14.7	0.3	4.3	49.6
95-130	5.3	3.8	0.38	-	0.11	-	-	-	-	36.3	18.8	0.3	6.7	62.1
130-175	6.1	4.4	0.50	-	0.03	-	-	-	-	38.6	21.3	0.4	8.7	69.0

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-20	95	46.3	59	5.0	-	-	4
20-47	108	48.3	56	1.5	-	-	5
47-95	95	52.2	61	0.6	-	-	8
95-130	95	65.2	75	0.4	-	-	10
130-175	100	69.2	82	0.1	-	-	13

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-20	-	-	-	0.24	0.11	1.98	0.13	-	-	-	0.29
20-47	-	-	-	0.17	0.06	0.89	0.16	-	-	-	0.59
47-95	-	-	-	0.20	0.06	1.46	0.14	-	-	-	0.26
95-130	-	-	-	0.20	0.06	1.40	0.16	-	-	-	0.23
130-175	-	-	-	0.25	0.06	0.94	0.13	-	-	-	0.17

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-20	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	medium to strong	very strong	-
20-47	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	medium to strong	very strong	-
47-95	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	weak	very strong	-
95-130	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-	weak	weak	very strong	-
130-175	-	-	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	-	weak	weak	very strong	-

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)clay,moderate medium angular blocky,very hard slightly sticky slightly plastic,no cutans,common fine pores and few pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few medium spherical hard manganiferous concretions,no fragments,few worm channels,abrupt wavy boundary to,
BAi 20-47 cm	light grey (10YR 7/2, moist)clay,strong coarse prismatic and moderate medium angular blocky,firm slightly sticky plastic,few medium distinct clear mottles (2.5YR 5/8),patchy thin slickensides on horizontal pedfaces cutans,few fine pores and few pores,very few small spherical soft manganiferous concretions,no fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bgi 47-95 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, moist)clay,strong fine and medium prismatic,firm slightly sticky plastic,common coarse distinct clear mottles (10R 4/6),continuous moderately thick slickensides on horizontal pedfaces cutans,few fine pores and few pores,very few small spherical soft manganiferous concretions,no fragments,clear irregular boundary to,
Bgci 95-130 cm	light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, moist)clay,strong fine and medium prismatic,firm slightly sticky plastic,many coarse prominent clear mottles (10R 4/6),continuous moderately thick slickensides on horizontal pedfaces cutans,few very fine pores,no inclusions,no fragments,gradual smooth boundary to,
Cg 130-175 cm	brown (7.5YR 5/4, moist)clay,moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky parting to moderate fine and medium prismatic,friable slightly sticky plastic,many coarse prominent clear mottles (2.5Y 2/0) and common medium distinct mottles (2.5Y 5/2),no cutans,few very fine pores,no inclusions,no fragments,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	claystone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	marine sediments
Remarks on Parent Materials	Late Pleistocene, Camacho Formation
Soil Depth	95cm
Texture of parent material	clayey
Texture of parent material (second entry)	clayey

Major crops	sugar cane
Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	seasonally irrigated
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	high level arable farming
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	degraded
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	dwarf shrub

Altitude	8m
Physiographic Unit	flat or almost flat
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	1%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect
Dry From - To	0-20cm
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	irregular
Nature of flood water	fresh
Depth to groundwater table	300cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	20-175cm
Estimated run off (class)	slow
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	moderately well

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Cuba 04: Gleysol

Characteristics

Reference soil CU004: Gleysols

Classification