Reference soil Germany 01: Luvisol

DE001

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil DE001: Luvisols

A gray brown podzolic soil (?) with occasional pebbles throughout the profile. Strong worm activities can be observed, some channels reaching 180 cm deep. The Ap horizon contains some organic material and an admixture of coal dust (?). The porous E/Bw1 horizons occasionally build tongues that penetrate the Bt. In the BC there are tongues of B material. (additional climatic data: insolation (hrs))

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Cutanic- Luvisol (Siltic)

Hapli-Cutanic- Luvisol

0-23 cm	ochric horizon
40-85 cm	argic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Haplic Luvisol

Orthic Luvisol

0-23 cm

ochric A horizon

0-23 cm	ochric A horizon
40-85 cm	argillic B horizon

Local classification:	Parabraunerde

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Hapludalf udic fine-silty mixed mesic

More images

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-23	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.4	57.0	25.7	82.7	11.9
40-50	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.5	51.9	27.1	79.0	17.5
55-80	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.2	48.3	24.4	72.7	23.0
90-135	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.3	52.8	23.6	76.4	21.3
135-185	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.9	49.5	28.0	77.5	18.7
190-210	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.2	50.3	32.8	83.1	13.8
215-265	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.7	48.5	33.0	81.5	15.8

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-23	-	-	-	-	11.9
40-50	-	-	-	-	17.5
55-80	-	-	-	-	23.0
90-135	-	-	-	-	21.3
135-185	-	-	-	-	18.7
190-210	-	-	-	-	13.8
215-265	-	-	-	-	15.8

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-23	7.7	7.1	-	-	1.88	0.09	21	-	-	10.1	1.1	0.4	0.2	11.8
40-50	8.0	6.8	-	-	0.39	0.03	13	-	-	8.1	1.3	0.2	0.3	9.9
55-80	8.0	6.8	-	-	0.33	0.03	11	-	-	10.2	1.6	0.2	0.4	12.4
90-135	7.9	6.9	-	-	0.20	0.02	10	-	-	10.2	1.8	0.2	0.4	12.6
135-185	7.6	6.5	-	-	0.14	0.02	7	-	-	11.2	1.7	0.2	0.2	13.3
190-210	8.2	7.5	-	-	0.13	0.01	13	-	-	14.2	1.0	0.2	0.1	15.5
215-265	8.3	7.5	-	-	0.11	0.01	11	-	-	13.7	1.1	0.2	0.1	15.1

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-23	64	18.5	104	6.6	-	-	1
40-50	72	13.7	71	1.4	-	-	2
55-80	74	16.8	68	1.2	-	-	2
90-135	75	16.8	76	0.7	-	-	2
135-185	86	15.5	80	0.5	-	-	1
190-210	101	15.4	109	0.5	-	-	1
215-265	131	11.5	71	0.4	-	-	1

Profile description

Ap 0-23 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,weak angular blocky,friable,frequent worm channels,abrupt boundary to,
E 23-40 cm	(7.5YR 4/3, moist)(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist),silty clay loam,silt loam,weak angular blocky,friable,friable,patchy clay on pedfaces cutans,few worm channels,frequent worm channels,gradual irregular boundary to,gradual boundary to,
Bt 50-80 cm	(7.5YR 4/3, moist)silty clay,strong angular blocky parting to weak angular blocky,moderately thick clay on pedfaces cutans,gradual irregular boundary to,
80-190 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)silty clay loam,weak angular blocky,friable non sticky,gradual irregular boundary to,
C 190-265 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/6, moist)silt loam,massive,friable,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian loess
Remarks on Parent Materials	Würm loess
Texture of parent material	silty
Texture of parent material (second entry)	silty
Weathering Resistance	poor
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Altitude	110m
Physiographic Unit	middle terrace of two rivers
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	alluvial terrace
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	very slow

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Germany 01: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil DE001: Luvisols

Classification