Reference soil Germany 15: Luvic Phaeozem

DE015

Distribution of Phaeozems (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil DE015: Luvic Phaeozems

A well drained soil that has been under cultivation for centuries, derived from calcareous loess of late-Pleistocene. In the Ap horizons few small horizontal lenses and laminae of lighter coloured silty material (10 YR 4/3, thickness 1-2 mm, length 1-3 cm) appear. The soil is very porous and nutritious with worm casts and animal burrows throughout the profile, often filled with material of upper horizons. authors: Creutzberg/Roeschmann (additional climatic data: insolation (hrs))

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-15	1	-	-	-	-	-	5.7	59.4	22.7	82.1	12.2
15-27	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.9	61.3	22.6	83.9	11.2
27-38	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	63.4	24.7	88.1	8.9
38-44	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.8	65.5	25	90.5	6.7
44-58	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.9	62.2	25.8	88	9.1
58-90	-	-	-	-	-	-	1.5	53.4	22	75.4	23.1
90-100	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	62.2	20.2	82.4	14.6

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	12.2
15-27	-	-	-	-	11.2
27-38	-	-	-	-	8.9
38-44	-	-	-	-	6.7
44-58	-	-	-	-	9.1
58-90	-	-	-	-	23.1
90-100	-	-	-	-	14.6

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-15	8.2	7.4	-	1.2	1.12	0.11	10	-	-	9.6	0.4	0.2	0.0	10.2
15-27	8.3	7.6	-	0.9	1.00	0.11	9	-	-	11.2	0.4	0.2	0.0	11.8
27-38	8.3	7.4	-	0.4	0.50	0.05	10	-	-	6.6	0.3	0.1	0.0	7
38-44	8.5	7.6	-	0.5	0.30	0.04	8	-	-	3.5	0.2	0.1	0.0	3.8
44-58	8.4	7.2	-	0.5	0.27	0.03	9	-	-	4.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	4.3
58-90	7.9	6.6	-	0.9	0.11	0.03	4	-	-	12.3	0.7	0.3	0.5	13.8
90-100	7.8	6.7	-	0.8	0.07	0.02	4	-	-	8.1	0.6	0.2	0.0	8.9

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-15	82	12.4	102	3.9	-	-	-
15-27	99	11.9	106	3.5	-	-	-
27-38	93	7.5	84	1.8	-	-	-
38-44	67	5.7	85	1.1	-	-	-
44-58	75	5.7	63	0.9	-	-	-
58-90	100	13.8	60	0.4	-	-	-
90-100	70	12.8	88	0.2	-	-	-

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-15	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	weak to medium	medium to strong	very weak to weak
27-38	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	weak to medium	-	weak to medium	medium to strong	very weak to weak
44-58	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	weak to medium	weak	weak
90-100	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	-	medium to strong	medium to strong	-	weak	strong	very weak to weak

Profile description

Ap1 0-15 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)silt,strong fine platy parting to very fine angular blocky,soft very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many very fine discontinuous exped pores,clear smooth boundary to,
Ap2 15-27 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)silt,weak fine platy parting to very fine angular blocky,soft very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many very fine discontinuous exped pores,gradual wavy boundary to,
AE 27-38 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)silt,moderate to strong subangular blocky,slightly hard very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,common very fine inped tubular pores,clear wavy boundary to,
E 38-44 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, moist)silt,weak medium angular blocky,slightly hard very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,common very fine inped tubular pores,clear boundary to,
EB 44-58 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, moist)silt,moderate fine platy,soft very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,common very fine inped tubular pores and few coarse tubular pores,frequent manganiferous concretions,diffuse wavy boundary to,
Bt 58-90 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)silt loam,moderate medium prismatic parting to medium subangular blocky,slightly hard friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,common fine distinct sharp mottles (5 YR 4/8) and few fine distinct mottles (10 YR 3/2),continuous thin clay on pedfaces cutans,many very fine inped tubular pores and few coarse pores,diffuse wavy boundary to,

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian loess
Remarks on Parent Materials	Weichsel loess

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	cereals and sugar beets

Altitude	75m
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Germany 15: Luvic Phaeozem

Reference soil DE015: Luvic Phaeozems

Classification