Reference soil France 08: Luvisol

FR008

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil FR008: Luvisols

LOCATION: Premises of the École Nationale Superieure Agronomique. VEGETATION AND LAND USE: coverage(%) Trees 15 herbs & grasses 90 ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Ah1 - strong worm activity. Ah2 - strong worm activity. - pedotubules: some with dark brown (10YR3/3) coatings. AB - consisting of material from overlying and underlying material, mixed by fauna. - strong worm activity. - cutans: ferri-argillans. - high macro porosity. - pedotubules: filled with material from top soil. Bt1 - strong worm activity. - cutans: ferri-argillans. - high macro porosity. Bt2 - cutans: ferri-argillans. - high macro porosity. Ck1 - cutans: calcitans Ck2 - myselial carbonate. - veins and pockets of soft lime, horizontally oriented, decreasing with depth.

Classification

WRB 2006

WRB 1998

Calcic-Cutanic- Luvisol (Siltic Chromic)

Chromi-Hypocalcic- Luvisol (Cutanic)

25-77 cm	argic horizon
77-138 cm	calcic horizon

0-40 cm	ochric horizon
25-77 cm	argic horizon
77-138 cm	calcic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Silti-Calcic Luvisol

Calcic Luvisol

0-40 cm	ochric A horizon
25-77 cm	argic B horizon
77-138 cm	calcic horizon

0-40 cm	ochric A horizon
25-77 cm	argillic B horizon
77-138 cm	calcic horizon

Local classification:	Sol brun lessivé

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Hapludalf

More images

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-13	-	-	-	-	-	-	5.2	57.3	17.8	75.1	19.7
25-40	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.3	54.3	17.0	71.3	24.4
40-57	-	-	-	-	-	-	3.2	53.4	17.5	70.9	25.9
57-75	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.8	49.4	18.4	67.8	29.4
55-75	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.8	51.8	18.7	69	29.7
96-138	-	-	-	-	-	-	2.1	55.4	26.2	81.6	16.3

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-13	-	-	-	-	19.7
25-40	-	-	-	-	24.4
40-57	-	-	-	-	25.9
57-75	-	-	-	-	29.4
55-75	-	-	-	-	29.7
96-138	-	-	-	-	16.3

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-13	6.7	6.7	-	0	2.88	0.21	14	-	-	18.3	1.8	0.7	0.0	20.8
13-25	6.4	5.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
25-40	5.9	4.6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	11.6	0.8	0.3	0.0	12.7
40-57	6.1	4.6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
57-75	7.2	6.0	-	0.1	0.49	0.05	10	-	-	15.4	1.1	0.3	0.0	16.8
55-75	7.2	5.9	-	0.1	0.46	0.05	8	-	-	14.9	1.1	0.3	0.0	16.3
77-96	8.2	7.5	-	22.6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
96-138	8.3	7.6	-	23.3	-	-	-	-	-	17.0	0.3	0.1	0.0	17.4
200-230	8.3	7.5	-	27.8	-	-	-	-	-	18.1	1.2	0.2	0.0	19.5

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-13	75	27.6	140	10.1	-	-	0
25-40	65	19.6	80	-	-	-	0
57-75	86	19.6	67	1.7	-	-	0
55-75	80	21.5	72	1.6	-	-	-
96-138	140	12.4	76	-	-	-	0
200-230	133	14.7	-	-	-	-	0

Elemental composition of the clay

Depth (cm)	SiO2 % w/w	Al2O3 % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	MgO % w/w	K2O % w/w	Na2O % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-13	48.4	22.1	11.5	0.10	1.90	3.40	-	0.80
13-25	48.4	22.4	11.4	0.10	2.00	3.20	-	0.80
25-40	49.6	22.8	12.1	0.10	2.00	3.30	-	0.90
40-57	49.1	22.1	12.6	0.10	2.10	3.30	-	0.90
57-75	49.3	22.9	12.8	0.1	2.3	3.4	-	1
55-75	48.5	22.3	12.2	0.1	2.4	3.1	-	0.8
77-96	49.1	21.6	11.8	0.60	2.60	3.10	-	0.90
96-138	50.2	21.4	11.5	0.30	3.50	3.10	-	0.90

Depth (cm)	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	Ign.Loss clay % w/w	Total Clay % w/w	SiO2/Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol
0-13	0.10	0.40	11.3	100.0	3.7	11.2	2.8	3.0
13-25	0.10	0.30	11.4	100.1	3.7	11.2	2.8	3.1
25-40	0.10	0.30	10.5	101.7	3.7	10.9	2.8	3.0
40-57	0.10	0.30	10.4	101.0	3.6	10.4	2.7	2.9
57-75	0.1	0.3	10.7	-	-	-	-	-
55-75	0.1	0.3	10.4	-	-	-	-	-
77-96	0.10	0.40	10.5	100.7	3.9	11.1	2.9	2.9
96-138	0.10	0.30	10.5	101.5	4.0	11.6	3.0	2.9

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-13	8.0	1.10	3.0	1.90	0.70	-	74.8	0.80
13-25	8.5	0.80	3.2	1.90	0.70	-	78.2	0.80
25-40	9.2	0.70	3.6	2.00	0.80	-	78.5	0.90
40-57	10.2	0.70	4.3	2.00	0.90	-	77.0	0.90
57-75	10.5	1	4.3	2.10	0.9	-	74.3	0.9
55-75	10.3	0.9	4.4	2.10	1	-	76.5	0.9
77-96	7.3	12.80	3.0	1.60	1.20	-	59.8	0.70
96-138	7.3	11.80	2.9	1.60	1.60	-	60.7	0.70

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-13	4.2	9.5	0.10	0.10	15.9	66.4	12.8
13-25	4.2	6.1	0.00	0.10	15.6	65.1	12.6
25-40	4.0	4.8	0.00	0.00	14.5	58.1	11.6
40-57	3.7	3.9	0.00	0.10	12.8	47.7	10.1
57-75	3.8	4.4	0.10	0.10	12	46.0	9.5
55-75	3.7	4.7	0.10	0.10	12.6	46.3	9.9
77-96	3.8	13.0	0.00	0.20	13.9	53.1	11.0
96-138	3.9	11.7	0.00	0.20	14.1	55.7	11.3

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-13	-	-	weak	-	-	-	strong	strong	medium to strong	weak	strong	-
13-25	weak	-	weak	-	-	-	strong	strong	medium to strong	weak	strong	-
25-40	-	-	weak	-	-	-	strong	strong	medium to strong	weak	strong	-
40-57	-	-	weak	-	-	-	strong	strong	medium to strong	weak	strong	medium to strong
57-75	-	-	weak	-	-	-	strong	strong	medium to strong	weak	strong	medium to strong
55-75	-	-	very weak to weak	-	-	-	strong	strong	weak to medium	very weak to weak	strong	weak to medium
77-96	-	-	weak	-	-	-	strong	medium to strong	strong	weak	strong	weak
96-138	-	-	weak	-	-	-	strong	medium to strong	strong	weak	strong	weak

Profile description

Ah1 0-10 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,strong crumb and weak fine angular blocky,very friable,many pores,frequent pedotubules,diffuse wavy boundary to,
Ah2 10-25 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)silt loam,moderate coarse angular blocky and crumb,very friable,many pores,frequent pedotubules,abrupt wavy boundary to,
25-40 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)silt loam,moderate coarse angular blocky,very friable,patchy thin cutans,many pores,pedotubules,clear smooth boundary to,
Bt1 40-57 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)silt loam,moderate coarse angular blocky,very friable,broken thin cutans,many pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bt2 57-77 cm	(dark) brown (7.5YR 4/4, moist)silty clay loam,moderate coarse angular blocky,continuous thin cutans,many pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Ck1 77-96 cm	(10YR 5/5, moist)silt loam,massive,patchy thin cutans,clear wavy boundary to,
Ck1 77-96 cm	silt loam

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	eolian loess
Remarks on Parent Materials	calcareous loess
Texture of parent material	loamy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	natural forest and woodland
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Mainly Corylus and Carpinus; herbaceous groundcover
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	deciduous forest

Altitude	170m
Physiographic Unit	plateau edge
Physiographic position of the site	upper slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	9%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-100cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil France 08: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil FR008: Luvisols

Classification