Reference soil Ireland 06: Luvisol

IE006

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil IE006: Luvisols

VEGETATION: Centauro-Cynosuretum, typical Sub-ass.

Classification

WRB 1998

Cutani-Albic- Luvisol (Dystric)

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Haplic Alisol

Orthic Acrisol

Local classification:	Grey-brown podzolic soil, Mortarstown Series

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Hapludalf udic loamy mixed mesic

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-10	9	-	-	-	-	-	42.1	10.7	26.3	37	20.9
10-25	24	-	-	-	-	-	42	13.1	24.9	38	20
25-40	10	-	-	-	-	-	45.9	12.5	22.1	34.6	19.5
40-60	7	-	-	-	-	-	36.4	11.2	23.4	34.6	29
60-80	0	-	-	-	-	-	9.1	4.3	34.9	39.2	51.7
80-100	18	-	-	-	-	-	19.6	9.1	34.9	44	36.4

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-10	-	-	-	-	20.9
10-25	-	-	-	-	20
25-40	-	-	-	-	19.5
40-60	-	-	-	-	29
60-80	-	-	-	-	51.7
80-100	-	-	-	-	36.4

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-10	5.4	4.6	-	-	2.48	0.23	11	-	-	4.7	1.1	0.3	0.0	6.1
10-25	5.5	4.8	-	-	2.38	0.23	10	-	-	5.4	1.5	0.2	0.0	7.1
25-40	5.1	4.1	-	-	0.59	0.07	8	-	-	2.9	0.9	0.1	0.0	3.9
40-60	5.4	4.3	-	-	0.41	0.07	6	-	-	4.7	0.8	0.1	0.0	5.6
60-80	7.1	6.1	-	-	0.46	0.08	6	-	-	11.6	0.8	0.1	0.0	12.5
80-100	8.4	7.6	-	-	0.28	0.04	7	-	-	11.4	0.4	0.1	0.0	11.9

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-10	-	16.3	-	-	-	-	-
10-25	-	16.8	-	-	-	-	-
25-40	-	11.9	-	-	-	-	-
40-60	-	13.7	-	-	-	-	-
60-80	-	21	-	-	-	-	-
80-100	-	11.9	-	-	-	-	-

Elemental composition of the clay

Depth (cm)	SiO2 % w/w	Al2O3 % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	MgO % w/w	K2O % w/w	Na2O % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-10	59.7	13.1	5.1	0.09	1.07	2.16	0.19	1.13
10-25	58.2	13.1	5.3	0.08	1.08	2.19	0.13	1.14
25-40	54.9	18.4	7.3	0.06	1.54	3.1	0.15	1.2
40-60	51.6	20.8	8.2	0.06	1.75	3.75	0.12	1.19
60-80	53.1	20.3	7.7	0.13	1.93	3.77	0.16	1.27
80-100	41.8	15.2	5.6	12.7	1.57	2.89	0.1	0.95

Depth (cm)	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	Ign.Loss clay % w/w	Total Clay % w/w	SiO2/Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol
0-10	0.07	0.43	12	95	7.7	31.1	6.2	4
10-25	0.09	0.33	11.4	93	7.5	29.2	6	3.9
25-40	0.18	0.22	8.9	96	5.1	20	4	3.9
40-60	0.15	0.18	8.2	96	4.2	16.7	3.4	4
60-80	0.13	0.17	7	95.8	4.4	18.3	3.6	4.1
80-100	0.1	0.2	15.6	96.5	4.7	19.8	3.8	4.2

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	Al2O3 % w/w	CaO % w/w	Fe2O3 % w/w	K2O % w/w	MgO % w/w	Na2O % w/w	SiO2 % w/w	TiO2 % w/w
0-10	5.8	0.28	2.5	1.06	0.31	0.28	83.2	0.42
10-25	5.7	0.32	2.5	1.07	0.37	0.32	81.8	0.44
25-40	6.2	0.3	2.6	1.28	0.46	0.45	84.5	0.43
40-60	9.0	0.28	3.8	1.77	0.7	0.27	79.5	0.5
60-80	13.3	0.59	5.4	2.56	1.24	0.18	70.1	0.66
80-100	6.2	21.86	2.5	1.32	0.96	0.17	44.9	0.31

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	LOI % w/w	MnO2 % w/w	P2O5 % w/w	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol
0-10	3.6	6.5	0.14	0.18	24.3	88.6	19.1
10-25	3.6	6.5	0.14	0.15	24.4	87.1	19.0
25-40	3.7	3.1	0.13	0.09	23.1	86.5	18.3
40-60	3.7	3.6	0.14	0.08	15	55.7	11.8
60-80	3.9	5.0	0.19	0.13	8.9	34.6	7.1
80-100	3.9	19.8	0.08	0.12	12.3	47.8	9.8

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-10	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	strong	-	-
10-25	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	strong	-	-
25-40	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	strong	-	weak to medium
40-60	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak to medium	weak to medium	very weak to weak	strong	very weak to weak	weak to medium
60-80	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	strong	very weak to weak	weak to medium
80-100	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak to weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium	very weak to weak	weak to medium

Profile description

Ap 0-10 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, dry)loam slightly gravelly,moderate fine and medium crumb,many fine continuous exped interstitial pores and many continuous exped tubular pores highly porous (>60 vol%),many fine and medium roots,common medium and coarse gravel weathered quartz fragments,frequent pedotubules,clear smooth boundary to,
Ah 10-25 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry)loam slightly gravelly,moderate medium subangular blocky,common fine continuous exped interstitial pores and common continuous exped tubular pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common fine roots,many medium and coarse gravel weathered quartz fragments,frequent pedotubules,gradual smooth boundary to,
C 25-40 cm	light grey (10YR 7/2, dry)loam slightly gravelly,weak medium subangular blocky,common fine continuous exped interstitial pores and common continuous exped tubular pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few fine roots,common medium and coarse gravel weathered quartz fragments,few pedotubules,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bt1 40-60 cm	light brownish grey (10YR 6/2, dry)clay loam slightly gravelly,very weak medium and coarse prismatic parting to moderate medium subangular blocky,patchy thin clay and humus on pedfaces cutans,common fine continuous exped and inped interstitial pores and common continuous exped and inped tubular pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few fine roots,common medium and coarse gravel weathered quartz fragments,frequent pedotubules,clear wavy boundary to,
Bt2 60-80 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, dry)clay slightly gravelly,moderate to strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,broken moderately thick clay and humus on pedfaces cutans,common fine continuous exped and inped interstitial pores and common continuous exped and inped tubular pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few fine roots,none fragments,frequent pedotubules,abrupt wavy boundary to,
80-100 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, dry)clay loam slightly gravelly,moderate to strong medium and coarse subangular blocky,few coarse distinct clear mottles (10YR 2/1),broken moderately thick clay and humus cutans,common fine continuous exped and inped interstitial pores and common continuous exped and inped tubular pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few fine roots,many medium and coarse gravel weathered quartz fragments,frequent pedotubules,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	glacial till
Remarks on Parent Materials	calcareous, non-tenaceous till
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
Weathering Resistance	poor
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	land clearing
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Re-seeded pasture. Moderately good perennial rye-grass-white clover sward with traces of the poverty indicator species - Hypochaeris radicata (cat's ear) and Senecio jacobea (ragweed)

Altitude	70m
Physiographic position of the site	slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	outwash plain
Slope	3%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Estimated run off (class)	medium

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Reference soil Ireland 06: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil IE006: Luvisols

Classification