Reference soil Ireland 10: Phaeozem

IE010

Phaeozems occur all over the world, but especially on the more moist side of the steppe regions, bordering Chernozems.

Characteristics

Soils having a mollic horizon (deep, brownish or blackish surface horizon with a significant accumulation of organic matter and high base saturation); a base saturation of 50 percent or more between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface; a calcium carbonate-free soil matrix at least to a depth of 100 cm from the soil surface, or to a contrasting layer between 25 and 100 cm; no diagnostic horizons other than an albic, argic, cambic or vertic horizon, or a petrocalcic horizon in the substratum.

Distribution of Phaeozems (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil IE010: Phaeozems

Classification

WRB 1998

Siltic- Phaeozem

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Silti-Haplic Phaeozem

Haplic Phaeozem

Local classification:	Brown earth

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Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-15	17	-	-	-	-	-	37.7	24.2	16.3	40.5	21.8
15-30	15	-	-	-	-	-	35.9	15.4	35.5	50.9	13.2
35-45	21	-	-	-	-	-	36.9	15	26.6	41.6	21.5

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-15	-	-	-	-	21.8
15-30	-	-	-	-	13.2
35-45	-	-	-	-	21.5

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-15	7.4	6.9	-	-	3.14	0.45	7	-	-	15.4	0.6	0.2	0.0	16.2
15-30	7.8	7.4	-	-	1.94	0.20	10	-	-	13.9	0.3	0.1	0.0	14.3
35-45	8.3	8.4	-	-	0.17	0.01	17	-	-	8.6	0.1	0.1	0.0	8.8

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-15	74	21.8	100	-	-	-	-
15-30	88	16.3	123	-	-	-	-
35-45	-	2.6	12	-	-	-	-

Profile description

Ap 0-15 cm	greyish brown (10YR 5/2, dry)loam gravelly,moderate medium subangular blocky,common fine pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common fine roots,many medium and coarse gravel weathered limestone, gneiss and sandstone fragments,few pedotubules,clear smooth boundary to,
Ah 15-35 cm	brown (10YR 5/3, dry)silt loam gravelly,moderate medium subangular blocky,common fine pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few fine roots,common medium and coarse gravel weathered limestone, gneiss and sandsone fragments,few pedotubules,abrupt wavy boundary to,
C 35-55 cm	light grey (10YR 7/2, dry)loam gravelly,porous massive,common medium pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),no roots,many medium and coarse gravel weathered limestone, gneiss and sandstone fragments,no pedotubules,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	glacial till
Soil Depth	35cm
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
Weathering Resistance	moderate
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly

Altitude	70m
Physiographic Unit	long slope
Physiographic position of the site	middle slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	glacial plain
Slope	2%
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Estimated run off (class)	medium

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Microrelief Height: variation in height	10
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	knobs
Microrelief pattern	isolated
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Ireland 10: Phaeozem

Characteristics

Reference soil IE010: Phaeozems

Classification