Reference soil China 40: Phaeozem

CN040

Phaeozems occur all over the world, but especially on the more moist side of the steppe regions, bordering Chernozems.

Characteristics

Soils having a mollic horizon (deep, brownish or blackish surface horizon with a significant accumulation of organic matter and high base saturation); a base saturation of 50 percent or more between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface; a calcium carbonate-free soil matrix at least to a depth of 100 cm from the soil surface, or to a contrasting layer between 25 and 100 cm; no diagnostic horizons other than an albic, argic, cambic or vertic horizon, or a petrocalcic horizon in the substratum.


Distribution of Phaeozems (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Moderately deep, moderately well drained, dark brown to brown silt loam to silty clay loam derived from silty alluvia. The soil dominantly shows weakly developed crumb structures ove strongly developed angular blocky structures. Organic carbon content is medium and the soil reaction is acid except for the neutral topsoil. Each year the soil is frozen to a depth of 1.5 to 2 m.

Drainage: there is an obvious lateral internal drainage.

Land use: Gaoyuen (name of the village) means fruit garden. The village is inhabited by Han and Korean people. Han people cultivate upland (CN040); Korean people cultivate the valley floors (paddy 1 time/year). Many Koreans have left the village and have hired mostly Han and some Koreans for tilling their paddy. The average size of farm is about 1.2 mu/caput (family 3 - 6 people). Annual income: 500 Y (100 US$) per caput for the Han people, Koreans have in genral 800 Y (US$ 160) per caput. Crops cultivated: maize, soybean, sorghum, potato, sunflower. Crop rotation: 2 times maize, one time soybean. Maize, soybean and sorghum are cash crops (sold to state); potato and sunflower subsistence crops. Only in case of a (small) surplus products are sold on the local market. Yields: maize 6000 kg/ha (800 jin/mu), soybean 3750 kg/ha (500 jin/mu), sorghum 4500 kg/ha (600 jin/mu), potato 6000 kg/ha (800 jin/mu). No mechanization; only man- and ox-power is used. Fertilization: P about 300 kg/ha (40 jin/mu), N (urea) 300 kg/ha (40 jin/mu). No K and manure is used.

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Luvic Greyic Phaeozem(Albic Siltic)
Albi- Luvic Phaeozem(Greyic Siltic)
0-40 cm mollic horizon
25-55 cm albic horizon
55-180 cm argic horizon
0-40 cm mollic horizon
25-55 cm albic horizon
55-180 cm argic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Albi- Haplic Greyzem
Orthic Greyzem
0-40 cm mollic A horizon
25-55 cm albic E horizon
55-180 cm argic B horizon
  interfingering
0-40 cm mollic A horizon
25-55 cm albic E horizon
55-180 cm argillic B horizon

Other classification

Classification (other)

Luvic chernozem; Hapli-Ustic Isohumosol
Location: 

Heilongjiang Province, Gaosheng, Yagou, Acheng County