Reference soil Germany 04: Luvisol

DE004

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil DE004: Luvisols

An imperfectly drained soil, situated on lower part of gentle slope in dissected terrace landscape, 20 m away from valley bottom. The material consists of weathered colluvial loess (ca. 75 cm) on fluviatile silt deposits on fluviatile gravel. In B horizons fine black Mn mottles appear; below 21 cm there are Fe mottles increasing with depth. In the 2Cg1 horizon an alternation of fine and coarser textured sedimentary layers is clearly visible. VEGETATION: Quercus pendunculata, Carpinus betulus; Euonymus europaeus, Lamium galeobdolon, Milium effusum, Mercurialis perennis, Deschampsia, Circea lutetiana, Athyrium felix-femina. (additional climatic data: insolation (hrs))

Classification

WRB 2006		WRB 1998
Gleyic-Albic Luvisol (Ferric Ruptic Siltic)		Albi-Gleyic Luvisol (Ferric)
21-38 cm	albic horizon	0-21 cm	ochric horizon
38-80 cm	argic horizon	21-38 cm	albic horizon
60-102 cm	ferric horizon	38-80 cm	argic horizon
-	gleyic colour pattern	60-102 cm	ferric horizon
-	reducing conditions	-	gleyic
FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988		FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974
Albi-Gleyic Luvisol		Gleyic Luvisol phreatic
0-21 cm	ochric A horizon	0-21 cm	ochric A horizon
21-38 cm	albic E horizon	21-38 cm	albic E horizon
38-80 cm	argic B horizon	38-80 cm	argillic B horizon
-	gleyic	1	hydromorphic

Local classification

Classification information	Gley-Podsol

Location:

Nordrhein-Westphalen, 5km SE of Jülich in the Hambacher Wald

Parent material

Texture of parent material	silty
Depth1	75cm
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	fluvial
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	sediment, unconsolidated
Remarks on Parent Materials	colluvial loess over silty fluvial deposits underlain by fluviatile gravel
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock (second entry)	slightly
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately
Weathering Resistance (second entry)	moderate
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
Weathering Resistance	poor
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	colluvial

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	fine sand %	Total sand %	medium sand %	Clay %	fine silt %	coarse silt %	very fine sand %	coarse sand %	very coarse sand %	Gravel %	Total silt %
0-10	-	8.3	-	13.4	24.6	53.7	-	-	-	-	78.3
20-38	-	9.2	-	13.3	23.1	54.4	-	-	-	-	77.5
38-60	-	5.3	-	27.3	21.4	46.0	-	-	-	-	67.4
60-75	-	20.8	-	19.6	13.8	45.8	-	-	-	-	59.6
75-95	-	23.2	-	15.0	10.6	51.2	-	-	-	-	61.8
95-110	-	19.8	-	15.2	16.2	49.8	-	-	-	-	66.0
110-130	-	7.4	-	15.4	22.4	54.8	-	-	-	-	77.2

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Water disp. clay %	Clay %	COLE cm/cm	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	Bulk density kg/dm³
0-10	-	13.4	-	-	-
20-38	-	13.3	-	-	-
38-60	-	27.3	-	-	-
60-75	-	19.6	-	-	-
75-95	-	15.0	-	-	-
95-110	-	15.2	-	-	-
110-130	-	15.4	-	-	-

Chemical characteristics

Depth (cm)	pHKCl pH	Ca cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg	EC 1: 2.5 mS/cm	Mg cmol(c)/kg	pH H2O pH	C / N unitless	C %	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	N %	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	CaCO3 %
0-10	3.9	4.0	0.1	0.0	4.8	-	0.7	4.6	17	5.00	2.3	0.29	1.1	-
20-38	3.7	1.3	0.0	0.0	1.6	-	0.3	4.6	12	0.60	1.5	0.05	1.1	-
38-60	3.9	10.5	0.8	0.0	13.7	-	2.4	5.2	7	0.21	0.2	0.03	0	-
60-75	4.5	9.0	0.0	0.0	11	-	2.0	5.9	6	0.17	0.1	0.03	0	-
75-95	5.9	7.1	0.0	0.0	8.2	-	1.1	7.1	5	0.14	-	0.03	-	0.5
95-110	6.6	7.5	0.0	0.0	8.4	-	0.9	7.4	7	0.13	-	0.02	-	0.7
110-130	7.3	11.2	0.0	0.0	12.1	-	0.9	7.9	7	0.29	-	0.04	-	3.4

Depth (cm)	ESP %	Base sat. %	Al sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg
0-10	0	24	6	19.9	-	17.5	149
20-38	0	16	11	9.7	-	2.1	73
38-60	0	67	0	20.5	-	0.7	75
60-75	0	65	0	16.9	-	0.6	86
75-95	0	71	-	11.5	-	0.5	77
95-110	0	79	-	10.6	-	0.5	70
110-130	0	110	-	11.0	-	1.0	71

Elemental composition of the clay

Depth (cm)	MgO % weight/weight	K2O % weight/weight	SiO2 % weight/weight	TiO2 % weight/weight	Al2O3 % weight/weight	Fe2O3 % weight/weight	CaO % weight/weight	Na2O % weight/weight
0-10	1.52	2.88	50.1	1.10	23.8	9.2	0.26	0.35
20-38	1.41	2.92	50.3	1.11	24.4	8.4	0.07	0.30
38-60	1.78	2.86	48.9	0.84	22.2	10.8	0.11	0.30
60-75	1.84	3.08	49.6	0.83	23.0	10.3	0.05	0.18
75-95	1.95	3.36	49.4	0.86	21.7	11.6	0.07	0.19
95-110	1.98	3.37	48.3	0.85	20.5	15.1	0.07	0.23
110-130	2.53	3.50	52.1	0.85	21.8	9.5	0.21	0.25

Depth (cm)	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	MnO2 % weight/weight	SiO2/Al2O3 mol/mol	Total Clay %	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol	Ign.Loss clay % weight/weight	P2O5 % weight/weight
0-10	4.1	2.9	0.13	3.6	99.6	14.6	9.6	0.63
20-38	4.5	2.9	0.09	3.5	99.0	15.8	9.9	0.14
38-60	3.2	2.8	0.20	3.7	99.1	12.0	11.0	0.07
60-75	3.5	2.8	0.45	3.7	98.4	12.8	9.0	0.07
75-95	2.9	2.9	0.30	3.9	98.0	11.3	8.4	0.14
95-110	2.1	2.7	0.07	4.0	99.4	8.5	8.7	0.26
110-130	3.6	3.2	0.03	4.1	99.0	14.5	8.0	0.20

Elemental composition of the soil

Depth (cm)	CaO % weight/weight	Al2O3 % weight/weight	MgO % weight/weight	Na2O % weight/weight	K2O % weight/weight	SiO2 % weight/weight	Fe2O3 % weight/weight	TiO2 % weight/weight
0-10	0.46	7.5	0.36	0.58	1.69	76.2	2.5	0.63
20-38	0.33	7.7	0.34	0.58	1.77	81.4	3.5	0.68
38-60	0.57	10.9	0.83	0.56	2.25	76.0	4.8	0.66
60-75	0.49	10.1	0.75	0.41	2.04	77.8	4.4	0.59
75-95	0.48	9.1	0.76	0.51	2.04	80.8	4.4	0.59
95-110	0.61	9.3	0.79	0.49	2.23	79.4	4.8	0.61
110-130	1.95	9.4	1.14	0.71	2.37	77.2	2.8	0.63

Depth (cm)	SiO2 / Al2O3 mol/mol	P2O5 % weight/weight	MnO2 % weight/weight	LOI % weight/weight	Al2O3/Fe2O3 mol/mol	SiO2 / R mol/mol	SiO2/Fe2O3 mol/mol
0-10	17.2	0.12	0.05	10.7	4.7	14.2	81.1
20-38	17.9	0.06	0.06	3.2	3.5	13.9	61.9
38-60	11.8	0.03	0.10	3.8	3.6	9.2	42.2
60-75	13.1	0.03	0.19	3.3	3.6	10.2	47.1
75-95	15.1	0.08	0.09	2.8	3.2	11.5	48.9
95-110	14.5	0.11	0.03	2.6	3.0	10.9	44.0
110-130	13.9	0.10	0.02	3.8	5.3	11.7	73.4

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)

Chlorite unitless

Mixed-layer unitless

Gibbsite unitless

Goethite unitless

Hematite unitless

Halloysite unitless

Kaolinite unitless

Feldspar unitless

Mica / illite unitless

Quartz unitless

Vermiculite unitless

Smec unitless

0-10

medium to strong

strong

medium to strong

strong

20-38

medium to strong

strong

medium to strong

strong

medium to strong

38-60

medium to strong

strong

medium to strong

strong

very strong

60-75

medium to strong

strong

medium to strong

strong

very strong

75-95

medium to strong

strong

medium to strong

strong

very strong

95-110

medium to strong

strong

medium to strong

strong

very strong

110-130

medium to strong

strong

medium to strong

strong

very strong

Profile description

Ah1 0-7 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,strong fine crumb,very friable,clear irregular boundary to,
Ah2 7-21 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist)silt loam,moderate fine subangular blocky,friable,clear wavy boundary to,
E 21-38 cm	pale brown (10YR 6/3, moist)light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, moist),silty clay loam,silt loam,moderate medium subangular blocky,moderate medium subangular blocky,friable,firm,common medium distinct mottles (5 YR 4/8),few fine faint mottles (5 YR 4/8),clear wavy boundary to,clear wavy boundary to,
Btg2 60-80 cm	light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, moist)silt loam,weak to moderate coarse subangular blocky,firm,many coarse prominent mottles (5 YR 4/8),clear wavy boundary to,
2Cg1 80-102 cm	light brownish grey (2.5Y 6/2, moist)silt loam,structureless,slightly sticky non plastic,many coarse prominent mottles (5 YR 4/8),abrupt irregular boundary to,
2Cg2 102- cm	light grey (2.5Y 7/2, moist)silt loam,nil slightly sticky non plastic,few coarse faint mottles (5 YR 7/6),

Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Moist, rich deciduous forest. Trees: Quercus pendunculata and Carpinus betulus. Undergrowth: Euonymus europaeus, Lamium galeobdolon, Milium effusum, Mercurialis perennis, Deschampsia, Circea lutetiana
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

Physiographic position of the site	lower slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	valley
Slope	1%
Altitude	91m
Physiographic Unit	valley side
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Wet From To	95cm
Moist From - To	0-95cm
Estimated run off (class)	slow
(Estimated) minimum (upper) depth to groundwater table	95cm
(Estimated) maximum (lower) depth to groundwater table	117cm
Depth to groundwater table	110cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	imperfect
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed

Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline

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Reference soil Germany 04: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil DE004: Luvisols

Classification