Reference soil India 11: Haplic Calcisol

IN011

Distribution of Calcisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

A moderately deep, very dark gray clayey soil developed from hornblende schists and calcitic gneisses which occurs 2 m below the surface. Due to abundant calcium carbonate concretions (80-90ì %) varying in size from 10-25 mm and some "powdery" clay material, the poorly drained Cca horizon has 3 different colours: white (2.5Y 8/2), pale yellow (2.5Y 8/4) and olive gray (5Y 5/2). The natural vegetation consists of Acacia, Palmyra, Azadirachta indic and Calatropis gigantea.

Parent material: highly altered hornblende schists rich in ferromagnesian minerals and plagioclases; also calcitic gneiss.

Natural vegetation: Acacia spp, Palmyra spp, Azadirachta indica, Calatropis gigantea

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Sodi-

Haplic Calcisol

Calcic Xerosol

sodic phase

0-0 cm	calcic horizon
0-0 cm	cambic B horizon
0-0 cm	ochric A horizon
	sodic properties

0-0 cm	calcic horizon
0-0 cm	cambic B horizon
0-0 cm	ochric A horizon;

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Calciorthid

fine-loamy

carbonatic

isohyperthermic

Classification (other)

Itigi clay loam

Location:

Mysore State, Bellary District, Prithiswaram, near km 6 on Harapanaha

Physical

Particle size distribution:

Depth (cm)		Gravel (%)	Very Coarse Sand (%)	Coarse Sand (%)	Medium Sand (%)	Fine Sand (%)	Very Fine Sand (%)	Total Sand (%)	Coarse Silt (%)	Fine Silt (%)	Total Silt (%)	Clay (%)
0-30	:	-	4.6	6	4.7	8.6	4.4	28.3	2.5	36.3	38.8	32.9
30-55	:	-	1.4	3.6	4.3	8.4	3.6	21.3	22.6	35.2	57.8	20.9
55-120	:	-	6.9	9.7	5.8	4.9	2.5	29.8	11.6	36.7	48.3	21.9

Other physical data

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	Spec. Surf. Area (m2/g)	COLE (cm/cm)	Water Disp. Clay (%)	Clay (%)
0-30	:	-	-	-	-	32.9
30-55	:	-	-	-	-	20.9
55-120	:	-	-	-	-	21.9

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-30	:	8.7	6.8	0.44	17.1	0.46	0.03	15	-	-	50.2	7.9	0.5	5.5	64.1
30-55	:	8.7	6.9	0.95	13.3	0.43	0.03	14	-	-	35.3	7.2	0.4	12.9	55.8
55-120	:	8.7	7.1	1.32	46.4	0.10	0.01	10	-	-	22.8	6.8	0.4	10.2	40.2

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-30	:	47	143	1.6	-	136	-	-
30-55	:	52.2	250	1.5	-	107	-	-
55-120	:	32.2	147	0.4	-	125	-	-

Profile description:

Apkc 0-30 cm	very dark grey (10YR 3/1, dry) very dark grey (10YR 3/1, moist), clay loam, moderate medium angular blocky, slightly hard firm sticky plastic, few small calcareous concretions, clear smooth boundary to,
Bkc 30-55 cm	very dark grey (10YR 3/1, dry) very dark grey (10YR 3/1, moist), clay, strong coarse angular blocky, hard firm very sticky very plastic, few medium calcareous concretions, clear smooth boundary to,
Ckc 55-120 cm	olive grey (5Y 5/2, dry) olive grey (5Y 5/2, moist), clay, structureless, sticky, (2.5Y 8/2) and (2.5Y 8/4), dominant large calcareous concretions,

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	metamorphic rock
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	residual material
Texture of parent material (1st entry)
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	highly
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	poor
Depth1 of lithological boundary	cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	120 cm
Remarks on Parent Materials	schist and gneiss

Soil erosion type (1st entry)	sheet
Intensity of the soil erosion type (1st entry)	moderate
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability

Current land use at the site	arable farming
Major crops	cotton
Main type of irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site
Status of vegetation
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	cotton, sorghum

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	600 m asl
Regional landform	pediplain
Topography of the surrounding country	undulating
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site	gently sloping midland
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	3 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	slope
Form of the slope surrounding the site
Slope Aspect of the site

Depth of groundwater table	cm
Groundwater Top	cm
Groundwater Bottom	cm
Kind of groundwater table	no groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	cm
Runoff	medium
Flooding frequency	never
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Drainage Class	imperfect
To Drainage Class
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	0-120 cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	cm
Wet From - To	cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site
Microrelief Pattern	none
Microrelief Height
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Cracks	large cracks (width more than 1 cm, or depth more than 50 cm)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	slightly alkaline

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Reference soil India 11: Haplic Calcisol