Reference soil Bhutan 2: Andosol

BT002

Distribution of Andosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil BT002: Andosol

Classification

WRB 2014
Aluandic-Eutrosilic-Dystric- Andosol

Local classification:	Gamsa (slightly clayey soil)

Location:

Below Gangtey near Tamchorten, Phobjikha Valley (Wangduephodrang dzongkhag), Bhuta

More images

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-5	-	0.202	0.227	0.429	2.739	9.099	12.6	17	43.972	61	26.393
5-25	-	0.044	0.229	0.743	2.217	8.637	11.7	17.3	44.752	62.1	26.167
25-50	-	0.076	0.13	0.641	2.074	8.036	10.9	16.5	44.072	60.6	28.509
50-70	-	0.054	0.183	1.063	2.641	8.772	12.8	16	43.268	59.3	27.926
70-105	-	0.075	0.139	1.073	2.564	8.744	12.6	15.5	44.184	59.7	27.733
105-120	-	0.047	0.649	0.849	2.57	7.912	11.9	15.8	40.183	56	32.09
120-133	-	0.022	0.1	0.631	2.213	9.218	12.1	16.4	35.803	52.2	35.67
133-150	-	0.166	0.828	1.138	2.079	8.432	12.6	14.3	45.805	60.1	27.325

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-5	0.79	-	-	-	26.393
5-25	0.79	-	-	-	26.167
25-50	0.75	-	-	-	28.509
50-70	0.86	-	-	-	27.926
70-105	0.81	-	-	-	27.733
105-120	0.72	-	-	-	32.09
120-133	0.87	-	-	-	35.67
133-150	0.89	-	-	-	27.325

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-5	4.59	4.4	0.644	-	8.4	0.767	10.953	-	2.372	1.905	0.8	0.706	0	3.4
5-25	5.28	5.03	0.033	0.179	2.748	0.357	7.701	-	0.878	0.122	0.049	0.245	0	0.3
25-50	5.23	4.68	0.03	0.156	2.531	0.356	7.098	-	0.931	0.096	0.048	0.239	0	0.3
50-70	5.23	4.84	0.024	0.13	2.074	0.324	6.412	-	-	0	0.05	0.301	0	0.4
70-105	5.32	4.83	0.022	0.113	1.997	0.303	6.587	-	1.088	0	0.022	0.334	0	0.3
105-120	4.82	4.72	0.041	-	5.96	0.443	13.442	-	5.489	0.146	0.244	0.293	0	0.6
120-133	4.99	4.46	0.026	-	3.62	0.302	11.974	-	5.397	0.157	0.269	0.314	0	0.8
133-150	5.34	4.19	0.018	-	2.14	0.261	8.211	-	4.08	0	0.12	0.359	0	0.5

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-5	13	25.535	-	-	5.8	41	-
5-25	2	16.327	-	-	1.2	75	-
25-50	2	16.208	-	-	1.2	75	-
50-70	3	15.481	-	-	-	-	-
70-105	2	15.526	-	-	1.4	79	-
105-120	3	22.977	-	-	6.1	90	-
120-133	2	32.532	-	-	6.2	87	-
133-150	2	20.354	-	-	4.6	89	-

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-5	-	87	0.373	1.598	0.348	2.443	1.334	-	-	-	1.461
5-25	-	91	0.224	1.766	0.49	3.334	1.218	-	-	-	1.514
25-50	-	91	0.198	1.65	0.481	3.302	1.131	-	-	-	1.512
50-70	-	90	0.256	1.716	0.537	3.376	1.156	-	-	-	1.666
70-105	-	89	0.213	1.881	0.554	3.208	1.123	-	-	-	1.874
105-120	-	78	0.405	0.83	0.055	2.496	0.753	-	-	-	2.008
120-133	-	67	0.289	0.652	0.031	2.116	0.523	-	-	-	1.25
133-150	-	80	0.234	0.823	0.044	3.844	0.933	-	-	-	1.656

Depth (cm)	CaSO4.2H2O %	P Bray mg/kg	P Olsen mg/kg	pH CaCl2	clay_noncarbonate % w/w	clay_carbonate % w/w	phosphorus4 mg/kg	phosphorus1 mg/kg	total_sulfur % w/w
0-5	0.077	-	-	4.45	26.393	-	1820.541	20.295	0.069
5-25	-	-	-	5.04	26.167	-	1647.662	8.436	0.026
25-50	-	-	-	5.01	28.509	-	1432.706	6.16	0.031
50-70	-	-	-	5.06	27.926	-	1543.884	6.334	0.024
70-105	-	-	-	5.04	27.733	-	1780.854	8.575	0.021
105-120	-	-	-	4.23	32.09	-	1393.041	10.474	0.029
120-133	-	-	-	4.23	35.67	-	681.929	4.775	0.015
133-150	-	-	-	4.38	27.325	-	681.38	0.836	0.02

Profile description

Ah 0-5 cm	dark yellowish brown(10YR 4/6, moist) ; silt moderate coarse / thick angular blocky ; firm ; common (5-15%) prominent very fine (< 2 mm) mottles; few very few very low (< 2%) pores; common fine roots; common very fine (< 2 mm) hard ; no rocks (0%) ; common ; diffuse (> 15 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
B1 5-25 cm	strong brown(7.5YR 4/6, moist) ; silt moderate medium angular blocky ; firm ; common (5-15%) prominent very fine (< 2 mm) mottles; few very few low (2-5%) pores; common coarse common fine roots; common very fine (< 2 mm) hard ; no rocks (0%) ; few ; diffuse (> 15 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
B2 25-50 cm	strong brown(7.5YR 4/6, moist) ; silt moderate coarse / thick subangular blocky ; firm ; common (5-15%) prominent very fine (< 2 mm) mottles; few very few low (2-5%) pores; few fine roots; common very fine (< 2 mm) hard ; no rocks (0%) ; few ; diffuse (> 15 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
B3 50-70 cm	strong brown(7.5YR 4/6, moist) ; medium subangular blocky ; firm ; common (5-15%) prominent mottles; few very few low (2-5%) pores; few fine roots; common hard ; few (2-5%) weathered ; few ; diffuse (> 15 cm) smooth; nearly plane surface boundary to
B4 70-105 cm	strong brown(7.5YR 4/6, moist) ; medium subangular blocky ; firm ; many (15-40%) prominent mottles; few very few low (2-5%) pores; few fine roots; many hard ; few (2-5%) weathered ; few ; clear (2-5 cm) wavy; pockets less deep than wide boundary to
2Ahb 105-120 cm	black(10YR 2/1, moist) ; medium subangular blocky ; firm ; no (0%) mottles; few very few low (2-5%) pores; few fine roots; none ; few (2-5%) weathered ; no biological activity ; gradual (5-15 cm) wavy; pockets less deep than wide boundary to
2ABb 120-133 cm	very dark greyish brown(10YR 3/2, moist) ; moderate coarse / thick ; firm ; many (15-40%) prominent fine (2-6 mm) mottles; few very few pores; few fine roots; many fine (2–6 mm) hard ; no rocks (0%) ; no biological activity ; gradual (5-15 cm) wavy; pockets less deep than wide boundary to
2B5 133-150 cm	yellowish brown(10YR 5/6, moist) ; moderate coarse / thick ; firm ; many (15-40%) prominent fine (2-6 mm) mottles; many common pores; very few very fine roots; many fine (2–6 mm) hard ; no rocks (0%) ; no biological activity ;

Age of the land Surface	older pleistocene, with periglacial influence, commonly the recent soil formation on younger over older, preweathered materials.
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	MA3
Remarks on Parent Materials	Loess, Chekha Formation

Land improvements ; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	clearing
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	ranching
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	Grasses, with interspersed Yushania sp. (bamboo), fern, and Cotoneaster sp.
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	short grassland

Altitude	2878m
Hierarchy of major landforms	medium-gradient hill
Physiographic Unit	toe slope in undulating to mountainous terrain
Physiograpy description	Fluvioglacial terrace
Slope	08%
Slope Aspect	west-north-west
Slope forms and surface pathways	concave concave
Slope gradient %	30.0%

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well drained
Flooding	none
Depth to groundwater table	approx. 5000cm
Drainage class - intergrade; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well drained

Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	few (2-5%)
Average size of stone	stones (6-20 cm)

You are here

Reference soil Bhutan 2: Andosol

Reference soil BT002: Andosol

Classification