Reference soil Benin 02: Lixisol

BJ002

Distribution of Lixisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

REFERENCE: Fritz (1996): catena V/4 (ISRIC Library S50-29)

Classification

WRB 2006		WRB 1998
Pisoplinthic- Lixisol (Profondic Chromic)		Profondi-Pisoplinthic Lixisol (Chromic)
30-100 cm	pisoplinthic horizon	0-10 cm	ochric horizon
38-116 cm	argic horizon	48-100 cm	argic horizon
FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988		FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974
Chromi-Ferric Lixisol		Ferric Luvisol
0-18 cm	ochric A horizon	0-18 cm	ochric A horizon
38-116 cm	argic B horizon	38-116 cm	argillic B horizon
-	ferric	38-90	ferric

Local classification

Classification information	CPCS (1967): Sol ferrugineux tropical lessivé à concrétions sur embréchite

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)	Paleustalf ustic coarse-loamy siliceous isohyperthermic

Location:

Agouagon (Sous-Préfecture de Glazoué), 8 km east of Glazoué

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	coarse sand % weight/weight	very coarse sand % weight/weight	Gravel % volume/volume	Total silt % weight/weight	medium sand % weight/weight	fine silt % weight/weight	fine sand % weight/weight	Clay % weight/weight	Total sand % weight/weight	coarse silt % weight/weight	very fine sand % weight/weight
0-18	21.1	9.9	17	7.6	22.8	2.7	23.8	3.9	88.5	4.9	10.9
18-38	17.0	6.6	52	9.8	22.9	4.2	22.9	6.1	84	5.6	14.6
38-61	23.1	11.5	57	7.4	16.7	3.7	11.5	22.5	70	3.7	7.2
61-90	17.3	12.0	30	12	11.3	7.0	8.5	31.1	56.9	5.0	7.8
90-116	16.2	11.1	16	16.8	11.2	10.2	11.4	26.2	57	6.6	7.1

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm) pF 4.2 % volume/volume pF 1.0 % volume/volume pF 1.5 % volume/volume pF 2.7 % volume/volume pF 2.0 % volume/volume pF 3.4 % volume/volume Bulk density kg/dm³ pF 2.3 % volume/volume pF 0 % volume/volume 0-18 - - - - - - 1.52 - - 18-38 - - - - - - 1.60 - - 38-61 - - - - - - 1.67 - -

Other

Depth (cm)	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	Water disp. clay %	Clay % weight/weight	Bulk density kg/dm³	COLE cm/cm
0-18	-	-	3.9	1.52	-
18-38	-	-	6.1	1.60	-
38-61	-	-	22.5	1.67	-
61-90	-	-	31.1	-	-
90-116	-	-	26.2	-	-

Chemical characteristics

Depth (cm)	pHKCl unitless	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	EC 1: 2.5 mS/cm	K cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	pH H2O unitless	C / N unitless	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	N %	C % weight/weight	CaCO3 % weight/weight
0-18	4.8	0.0	0.0	1.9	1.2	0.03	0.0	0.7	5.2	-	0.0	-	0.28	-
18-38	4.8	0.0	0.0	1.6	1.2	0.02	0.1	0.3	5.3	-	0.0	-	0.22	-
38-61	4.6	0.1	0.0	1.2	0.8	0.01	0.1	0.3	5.3	-	0.0	-	0.26	-
61-90	4.9	0.1	0.0	4.4	2.7	0.01	0.4	1.3	5.4	-	0.0	-	0.20	-
90-116	5.2	-	0.1	4.1	2.4	0.01	0.3	1.3	5.5	-	-	-	0.12	-

Depth (cm)	Al sat. %	ESP %	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg
0-18	0.0	0	40	4.8	-	123	1.0
18-38	0.0	0	67	2.4	-	39	0.9
38-61	0.0	0	52	2.3	-	10	0.9
61-90	0.0	0	59	7.4	-	24	0.7
90-116	-	2	73	5.6	-	21	0.4

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Mixed-layer unitless	Chlorite unitless	Mica / illite unitless	Kaolinite unitless	Hematite unitless	Feldspar unitless	Vermiculite unitless	Gibbsite unitless	Halloysite unitless	Smec unitless	Quartz unitless	Goethite unitless
0-18	-	-	weak	medium	-	-	-	-	-	-	weak	-
38-61	-	-	weak	strong	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak	-
90-116	-	-	weak	strong	-	-	-	-	-	-	very weak	-

Profile description

Ah 0-18 cm	dark brown (7.5YR 3/2, dry)Description sand slightly gravelly,porous massive,soft,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),many roots,few medium hard ferruginous concretions,non calcareous 10% HCl,clear smooth boundary to,
AB 18-38 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 4/6, dry)Description sand gravelly,porous massive,moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common roots,frequent medium hard ferruginous concretions,few coarse gravel and stones quartz fragments,non calcareous 10% HCl,gradual smooth boundary to,
BAcs 38-61 cm	yellowish red (5YR 5/6, dry)Description sand very gravelly,porous massive,slightly porous (<40 vol%),few roots,very frequent medium hard ferruginous concretions,few fine and medium gravel quartz fragments,non calcareous 10% HCl,gradual smooth boundary to,
Btcs 61-100 cm	red (2.5YR 4/6, dry)sandy clay gravelly,subangular blocky,broken moderately thick clay on pedfaces cutans,slightly porous (<40 vol%),no roots,frequent medium hard ferruginous concretions,few fine and medium gravel quartz fragments,non calcareous 10% HCl,

Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	Parent material 1: "embréchite porphyroïde à ferro-magnésiens"
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Soil Depth	100cm
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	granite
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	fine-grained basic igneous rock

Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	LAND USE: old fallow of grasses with some trees. Some cultivation with voandzou (Vigna subterrana).
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	fallow

Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat
Form of the slope surrounding the site	concave
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Physiographic position of the site	crest
Physiographic Unit	long interfluve
Altitude	200m
Slope	2%

Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Dry From - To	0-100cm

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Reference soil Benin 02: Lixisol

Classification