Reference soil Canada 02: Kastanozem

CA002

Kastanozems occur mainly in the dry parts of the steppe regions of the world. Vast areas are found in central Asia and central USA. Smaller occurrences are reported from the Mediterranean region.

Characteristics

Soils having a mollic horizon (deep, dark coloured surface horizon with a significant accumulation of organic matter and high base saturation) and accumulation of secondary calcium carbonate within 100 cm from the soil surface. They have no diagnostic horizons other than an argic, calcic, cambic, gypsic, or vertic horizon.

Distribution of Kastanozems (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil CA002: Kastanozem

Classification

WRB 1998

Hapli-Orthicalcic Kastanozem

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

Calcic Kastanozem

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Calcic Kastanozem

Local classification

Classification information	Calcareous Dark Brown Chernozem

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)	Haploboroll aridic loamy mixed (calcareous) frigid

Location:

Lethbridge Research Station, Alberta

Profile description

Ap 0-20 cm	very dark greyish brown (10YR 3/2, moist)silt loam,moderate fine subangular blocky,platy plough pan pans,slightly calcareous 10% HCl,
Bk 20-30 cm	(10YR 4/3.5, moist)silty clay loam,weak fine subangular blocky,very friable,many fine roots,slightly calcareous 10% HCl,clear smooth boundary to,
Ck 30-53 cm	(2.5Y 5/3, moist)loam,weak coarse subangular blocky,friable,few fine roots,calcareous 10% HCl,gradual smooth boundary to,
2Ck1 53-71 cm	light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4, moist)loam slightly stony,weak fine subangular blocky,friable,common medium distinct clear mottles (2.5Y 6/3),few fine roots,few coarse gravel and stones fragments,calcareous 10% HCl,gradual smooth boundary to,
2Ck2 71-142 cm	dark greyish brown (10YR 4/2, moist)clay loam slightly stony,moderate medium subangular blocky,friable,few fine roots,few coarse gravel and stones fragments,slightly calcareous 10% HCl,gradual smooth boundary to,
2Ckz 142- cm	(2.5Y 2/2, moist)loam slightly stony,weak fine subangular blocky,very friable,few medium spherical hard ferruginous concretions few medium irregular soft calcareous soft segregations,few coarse gravel and stones fragments,calcareous 10% HCl,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	mixed lithology and composition
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	lacustrine sediments
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	glacial till
Remarks on Parent Materials	medium textured lacustrine material over glacial till
Texture of parent material	clayey
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	slightly
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock (second entry)	slightly

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	grassland

Altitude	726m
Physiographic Unit	plain
Physiographic position of the site	flat
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	lacustrine plain
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	no groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-143cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate

Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	very few stones

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Reference soil Canada 02: Kastanozem

Characteristics

Reference soil CA002: Kastanozem

Classification