Reference soil Australia 11: Solonetz

AU011

Solonetzes occur where a sodium source supplies the clay-rich subsoil with exchangeable Na, causing peptization of clay and organic substances and deterioration of the topsoil.

Characteristics

Soils having a natric horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon and more than 15% exchangeable sodium) within 100 cm from the soil surface.

Distribution of Solonetz (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil AU011: Solonetz

REFERENCE: Handbook of Australian Soils, p. 177-179

Classification

WRB 1998
Solonetz
FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988		FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974
Albi-Stagnic Solonetz		Solodic Planosol

Local classification:

HAS: Soloth; FK: Dd2.41

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Natrustalf ustic clayey mixed mesic

Profile description

Ah 0-5 cm	(5YR 4.5/2, dry) (5YR 3.5/2, moist)loam,massive,hard very friable,common fine pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),common fine few medium roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,clear boundary to,
E1 5-13 cm	white (10YR 8/2, dry) (10YR 6/2.5, moist)fine sandy loam,massive,hard very friable,common fine faint diffuse mottles (4YR 4.5/2),many fine pores and few coarse pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few fine few medium roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,clear boundary to,
E2 13-23 cm	white (10YR 8/2, dry) light grey (10YR 7/2, moist)loam,massive to weak coarse angular blocky,very hard,common fine faint diffuse mottles (4YR 4.5/2),many fine pores and few pores moderately porous (40-60 vol%),few fine few medium roots,non calcareous 10% HCl,abrupt boundary to,
Btn 23-46 cm	(5YR 3/1.5, moist)clay,strong coarse angular blocky and strong fine angular blocky,firm,few fine faint clear mottles (2.5YR 3/6),slightly porous (<40 vol%),non calcareous 10% HCl,diffuse boundary to,
BCn 46-170 cm	dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2, moist)clay,very coarse parallelepiped angular blocky parting to medium and coarse angular blocky,slightly porous (<40 vol%),few coprogenic elements,non calcareous 10% HCl,

Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	siltstone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	siltstone of Jurassic age
Texture of parent material	clayey
Texture of parent material (second entry)	loamy
General characterization of the status of weathering of solid rock	partially or moderately

Main type of irrigation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	no irrigation
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: native vegetation: grassy forest of Eucalyptus crebra (narrow-leaf ironbark), some Angophora costata (rusty gum) and Casuarina luehmannii (bull oak), scattered Callitris columellaris (cypres pine), Dodonaea viscosa (hop bush), and Helichrysum diosmifolium, and sparse grass cover, mainly Aristida spp. (wire grass). LAND USE: profile site is in a road reserve in an area used for sparse grazing of native pasture.

Altitude	305m
Physiographic Unit	plain
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	0%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	46cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Dry From - To	0-23cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	perched
Moist From - To	23-170cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	slow
Estimated run off (class)	slow
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	23cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	gilgai
Microrelief pattern	isolated
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Australia 11: Solonetz

Characteristics

Reference soil AU011: Solonetz

Classification