Reference soil Iceland 01: Andosol

IS001

Distribution of Andosols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

WRB 2006:

WRB 1998:

Mollic Histic Silandic Andosol(Eutric Turbic Drainic)

Histi- Silic Andosol(Mollic Eutric)

30-98 cm

mollic horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988:

FAO-UNESCO 1974:

Histi-

Mollic Andosol

0-30 cm	histic H horizon
30-98 cm	mollic A horizon
	exchange complex dominated by amorphous material

Other classification

USDA-NRCS (1999)

Terric

Haplofibrist

Classification (other)

Histic Andosol

Location:

Möđruvellir, approx. 15km N of Akureyri, at the RALA Experimental Farm

Parent material

The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (1st entry)	basic ash
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (1st entry)	fluvial
Texture of parent material (1st entry)	loamy
Weathering status of solid rock (1st entry)	partially or moderately
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (1st entry)	poor
Depth1 of lithological boundary	145 cm
The main parent rock/ material over which the soil has been formed (2nd entry)	organic material
Mode of Accumulation or deposition of parent material (2nd entry)	residual material
Texture of parent material (2nd entry)	organic
Weathering status of solid rock (2nd entry)	slightly
Resistance against weathering (solid rock) (2nd entry)	poor
Soil Depth; depth to which roots can easily penetrate throughout the year	cm
Remarks on Parent Materials	organic material mixed with volcanic ashes and some pure ash layers over peaty material

Physical

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)		Bulk Density (kg/dm³)	pF 0 (% w/v)	pF 1.0 (% w/v)	pF 1.5 (% w/v)	pF 2.0 (% w/v)	pF 2.3 (% w/v)	pF 2.7 (% w/v)	pF 3.4 (% w/v)	pF 4.2 (% w/v)	pF 2.5 (%)
0-30	:	0.21	-	-	61	-	-	-	-	-	-
30-35	:	0.39	-	-	74	-	-	-	-	-	-
55-83	:	0.44	-	-	65	-	-	-	-	-	-
83-98	:	0.20	-	-	105	-	-	-	-	-	-
98-104	:	-	-	-	11	-	-	-	-	-	-
104-145	:	0.18	-	-	250	-	-	-	-	-	-

Chemical characteristics:

Depth (cm)		pH H2O	pH KCl	EC 1 : 2.5 (mS/cm)	CaCO3 (%)	Org. C (%)	Org. N (%)	C / N	Exch. Acid (cmol/kg)	Exch. Al (cmol/kg)	Ca (cmol/kg)	Mg (cmol/kg)	K (cmol/kg)	Na (cmol/kg)	Sum Cations (cmol/kg)
0-30	:	5.4	4.5	-	-	14.6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
30-35	:	4.8	4.2	-	-	12.5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
55-83	:	5.8	4.8	-	-	7.43	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
83-98	:	5.4	4.6	-	-	10.0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
98-104	:	5.6	4.6	-	-	1.38	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
104-145	:	4.6	3.9	-	-	35.4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		CEC Soil (cmol/kg)	CEC Clay (cmol/kg)	CEC Org (cmol/kg)	ECEC (cmol/kg)	Base sat. (%)	Al sat. (%)	ESP (%)
0-30	:	18	-	-	-	-	-	-
30-35	:	13	-	-	-	-	-	-
55-83	:	15	-	-	-	-	-	-
83-98	:	22	-	-	-	-	-	-
98-104	:	2	-	-	-	-	-	-
104-145	:	37	-	-	-	-	-	-

Depth (cm)		pH NaF	P Retention (%)	ODOE	Melanic Index	Fe o (wt%)	Al o (wt%)	Si o (wt%)	Fe d (wt%)	Al d (wt%)	Fe p (wt%)	Al p (wt%)	C p (wt%)
0-30	:	9.4	-	-	-	7.75	1.8	1.54	-	-	-	-	-
30-35	:	9.8	-	-	-	0.8	1.59	0.89	-	-	-	-	-
55-83	:	-	-	-	-	0.65	1.74	1.07	-	-	-	-	-
83-98	:	10.4	-	-	-	0.65	1.25	0.70	-	-	-	-	-
98-104	:	10.9	-	-	-	0.07	0.45	0.40	-	-	-	-	-
104-145	:	8.6	-	-	-	1.24	1.13	0.27	-	-	-	-	-

Profile description:

Ah@ 0-30 cm	strong brown (7.5YR 5/6, moist), loam, weak fine granular, very friable, no mottles, many very fine and fine many medium roots, abrupt wavy boundary to,
2O@ 30-35 cm	(dark) brown (10YR 4/3, moist), loam organic slightly, very weak thin platy, friable dark brown, many very fine and fine,
2O1 35-83 cm	dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2, moist), silt loam organic slightly, weak fine and medium subangular blocky, friable, many very fine and fine, clear wavy,
2O2 83-98 cm	(5YR 2,5/2, moist), silt loam organic slightly, very weak thin platy and very weak fine and medium subangular blocky, friable, abrupt wavy,
3C 98-104 cm	very pale brown (10YR 7/4, moist), sandy loam, very weak subangular blocky, firm, few faint, few fine, clear wavy,
4O1 104-145 cm	(10YR 2,5/1, moist), organic slightly, very weak thin platy and weak fine subangular blocky, few very fine and fine,

Soil erosion type (1st entry)
Occurrence of soil aggradation
Slope Stability	stable

Current land use at the site	semi-natural grassland, grazed
Major crops	cereals (unspecified)
Main type of irrigation	no irrigation
Rotation scheme
Vegetation Type;The natural vegetation at the site	grassland
Status of vegetation	modified

The altitude of the soil profile relative to mean sea level, specified in meters	20 m asl
Regional landform	coastal plain
Topography of the surrounding country	flat or almost flat
Physiographic Unit in the immediate surrounding of the site
The slope refers to the inclination of the land immediately surrounding the site. The measured or estimated slope angle is specified to the nearest per cent	0 %
The physiographic position of the site where the profile is located	flat
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Slope Aspect of the site	east

Depth of groundwater table	350 cm
Groundwater Top	cm
Groundwater Bottom	cm
Kind of groundwater table	groundwater table observed
Top Stagnating Layer	cm
Bottom Stagnating Layer	cm
Runoff	slow
Flooding frequency	never
Estimated permeablity (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Drainage Class	poor
To Drainage Class	imperfect
Moisture conditions of the profile: dry from -to	cm
Moisture conditions of the profile: moist from -to	0 cm
Wet From - To	200 cm

Microrelief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site	hummocks
Microrelief Pattern	isolated
Microrelief Height	10
Rockiness	none
Stoniness	none
Average size of stones
Shape of stones (on average)
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Evidence of salt	non-saline
Evidence of alkali	non-alkaline

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