Reference soil Indonesia 17: Luvisol

ID017

Luvisols occur mainly in temperate regions, particularly in areas with a Mediterranean-type of climate.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with a distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon) with a cation exchange capacity equal to or more than 24 cmolc per kg clay throughout.

Distribution of Luvisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ID017: Luvisols

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: A1 - Also black colour (N2/0); also many medium and few coarse roots. B2 - Also many medium and few coarse roots. C - Colour mixed with 10YR4/4; also common medium and few coarse roots. A1b - Also common medium and few coarse roots. B1b - Also common medium and few coarse roots. B2b - Also 5YR5/8. B3 - Also 10YR5/4 and 2.5Y6/5 ; stones and gravels are strongly calcareous. R - white coloured rock. REFERENCES: - Hommel, P.W.F.M., 1987. Landscape-Ecology of Ujung Kulon (West Java, Indonesia). Soil Survey Institute, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Classification

WRB 2006

Haplic- Luvisol (Ruptic Clayic Novic)

39-105 cm	argic horizon
-	lithological discontinuity

39-105 cm	argic horizon
-	lithological discontinuity

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Haplic Luvisol

Orthic Luvisol

0-7 cm	ochric A horizon
39-105 cm	argic B horizon

0-7 cm	ochric A horizon
39-105 cm	argillic B horizon

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
3-7	-	1.2	4.2	7.1	7.7	6.9	27.1	11.6	28.1	39.7	33.2
7-18	-	1.7	4.2	5.9	6.1	6.7	24.6	11.7	29.1	40.8	34.6
18-30	-	5.8	6.9	5.4	6.7	7.2	32	17.5	31.0	48.5	19.5
30-38	-	0.7	1.0	1.1	2.6	3.0	8.4	5.5	26.6	32.1	59.5
38-52	-	0.5	0.7	0.5	1.8	2.4	5.9	6.0	19.6	25.6	68.7
52-75	-	0.3	0.4	0.4	1.4	1.8	4.3	0.0	17.1	17.1	79.0
75-105	-	0.8	0.5	0.5	1.2	1.5	4.5	1.9	15.4	17.3	78.2

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
3-7	-	-	-	-	33.2
7-18	-	-	-	-	34.6
18-30	-	-	-	-	19.5
30-38	-	-	-	-	59.5
38-52	-	-	-	-	68.7
52-75	-	-	-	-	79.0
75-105	-	-	-	-	78.2

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
3-7	6.2	5.5	0.78	-	7.94	0.53	15	-	-	29.7	7.6	1.1	0.3	38.7
7-18	5.7	4.5	0.21	-	2.18	0.22	10	-	-	11.5	4.9	0.7	0.8	17.9
18-30	5.9	4.5	0.12	-	0.72	0.07	10	-	-	5.6	2.6	0.3	0.6	9.1
30-38	5.9	4.4	0.08	-	1.72	0.16	11	-	-	17.9	7.0	0.2	0.5	25.6
38-52	5.8	4.0	0.06	-	1.20	0.14	9	-	-	19.3	6.6	0.3	0.7	26.9
52-75	5.5	4.0	0.09	-	0.91	0.10	9	-	-	22.7	4.3	0.3	0.5	27.8
75-105	7.7	6.6	0.25	15.2	0.57	0.06	10	-	-	66.3	3.3	0.3	0.4	70.3

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
3-7	88	43.9	132	27.8	-	-	1
7-18	64	28.1	81	7.6	-	-	3
18-30	75	12.2	63	2.5	-	-	5
30-38	76	33.6	56	6.0	-	-	1
38-52	76	35.6	52	4.2	-	-	2
52-75	74	37.4	47	3.2	-	-	1
75-105	152	46.4	59	2.0	-	-	1

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
3-7	-	21	-	0.14	0.06	2.03	0.25	0.22	0.04	-	0.47
7-18	-	21	-	0.17	0.03	2.14	0.29	0.30	0.07	-	0.53
18-30	-	15	-	0.18	0.05	0.95	0.15	0.11	0.04	-	0.31
30-38	-	32	-	0.20	0.05	4.34	0.62	0.55	0.18	-	0.66
38-52	-	38	-	0.20	0.04	4.59	0.56	0.52	0.12	-	0.52
52-75	-	43	-	0.20	0.04	5.20	0.72	0.38	0.11	-	0.28
75-105	-	37	-	0.19	0.07	3.36	0.45	0.03	0.02	-	0.12

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
3-7	-	-	-	small	-	-	medium	-	large	small	small	-
7-18	-	-	-	small	-	-	medium	-	large	small	small	-
18-30	-	-	-	small	-	-	medium	-	very large	small	small	-
30-38	-	-	-	small	-	-	medium	-	very large	small	small	-
38-52	-	-	-	small	-	-	medium	-	very large	small	small	-
52-75	-	-	-	small	-	-	large	-	very large	small	small	-
75-105	-	-	-	small	-	-	medium	-	large	small	large	-

Profile description

Ah 3-7 cm	dark brown (10YR 3/3, moist)silt loam,moderate fine subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many very fine fine pores and common pores,clear smooth boundary to,
B 7-18 cm	dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4, moist)clay loam,strong fine subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many very fine fine pores and common pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C 18-25 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist)sandy loam,weak fine subangular blocky and weak medium subangular blocky,friable non sticky non plastic,common very fine fine pores and common pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,
2Ab 25-39 cm	(10YR 4/3.5, moist)clay,strong medium subangular blocky,friable sticky plastic,many micro to very coarse pores,fine gravel charcoal fragments,clear wavy boundary to,
2Bb1 39-52 cm	(10YR 4/5, moist)clay,strong fine subangular blocky and strong medium subangular blocky,friable sticky plastic,many very fine fine pores and common pores,clear wavy boundary to,
2Bb2 52-76 cm	yellowish brown (10YR 5/4, moist)clay,strong medium subangular blocky,common very fine fine pores,gradual wavy boundary to,
2BC 76-105 cm	(10YR 4/5, moist)clay stony,strong medium subangular blocky and strong coarse subangular blocky,friable sticky plastic,common very fine fine pores,abrupt wavy boundary to,

Depth1	25cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	ejecta ash
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	limestone
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material	ejecta ash
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	residual material
Remarks on Parent Materials	1883 Krakatau cover
Texture of parent material	loamy
Weathering Resistance (second entry)	moderate

Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	(semi-)natural vegetation
Status of vegetation; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	primary
Major vegetation type; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	evergreen forest

Altitude	10m
Physiographic Unit	marine abrasion terrace
Physiographic position of the site	slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plateau
Slope	1%
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

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Reference soil Indonesia 17: Luvisol

Characteristics

Reference soil ID017: Luvisols

Classification