Reference soil Indonesia 38: Acrisol

ID038

Acrisols occur dominantly in the wetter parts of the tropics and subtropics and the warm temperate regions in relatively young landscapes.

Characteristics

Soils having an argic horizon (a subsurface horizon with distinct higher clay content than the overlying horizon), which has a cation exchange capacity of less than 24 cmolc per kg in some part, either starting within 100 cm from the soil surface, or within 200 cm from the soil surface if the argic horizon is overlain by loamy sand or coarser textures throughout. They have a base saturation (total amount of Ca, Mg, K and Na with respect to the cation exchange capacity) of less than 50 percent in the major part between 25 and 100 cm from the soil surface

Distribution of Acrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ID038: Acrisols

ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Ah2 - Friable to firm. Bw - Multicoloured: 2.5Y6/2 (60%), 10YR3.5/1 (40%); friable to firm. Bt1 - Multicoloured: 2.5Y6/4 (50%), 10YR6/6 (50%); mottles: irregular, unspecified iron mottles; colour cutans: 2.5Y6/2. Bt2 - mottles: irregular, unspecified iron mottles. III - mottles: very coarse, irregular, unspecified iron mottles.

Classification

WRB 2006

Endogleyic-Cutanic- Acrisol (Alumic Humic)

32-89 cm	argic horizon
-	reducing conditions
-	gleyic colour pattern

32-89 cm	argic horizon
-	reducing conditions
-	gleyic colour pattern

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Orthi-Gleyic Acrisol

Ferric Acrisol

0-22 cm	ochric A horizon
32-89 cm	argic B horizon

0-22 cm	ochric A horizon
32-89 cm	argillic B horizon
-	ferric

Local classification:	Podsolik Haplik

Other classification

USDA-SCS (1975)

Fragiudult

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-14	-	6.0	21.8	15.1	19.1	12.2	74.2	11.4	7.4	18.8	6.9
14-22	-	2.8	16.0	14.8	22.4	14.5	70.5	14.6	9.5	24.1	5.4
22-32	-	3.0	16.7	13.5	21.7	14.8	69.7	13.3	9.1	22.4	7.9
32-50	-	1.8	12.0	11.2	20.4	15.5	60.9	16.3	9.4	25.7	13.4
50-89	-	2.3	12.6	11.4	21.0	16.3	63.6	16.6	8.9	25.5	10.8
89-130	-	2.5	14.0	11.8	21.9	18.3	68.5	18.5	11.2	29.7	1.8
130-150	-	4.7	12.5	9.6	16.7	16.5	60	23.6	10.5	34.1	5.8

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-14	1.020	-	-	2.0	6.9
5-10	1.02	-	-	-	-
45-50	1.57	-	-	-	-
14-22	-	-	-	2.2	5.4
95-100	1.85	-	-	-	-
22-32	-	-	-	1.8	7.9
32-50	1.570	-	-	7.2	13.4
50-89	-	-	-	1.7	10.8
89-130	1.850	-	-	0.8	1.8
130-150	-	-	-	3.8	5.8

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
0-14	1.020	57.4	50.8	44.1	38.1	34.9	31.0	9.6	8.2
5-10	1.02	57.4	50.8	44.1	38.1	34.9	31	9.6	8.2
45-50	1.57	36.8	36.3	32.8	28.5	26.3	23.6	11.7	10.3
95-100	1.85	28.7	27.6	26.2	24.4	19.8	12.4	1.3	1
32-50	1.570	36.8	36.3	32.8	28.5	26.3	23.6	11.7	10.3
89-130	1.850	28.7	27.6	26.2	24.4	19.8	12.4	1.3	1.0

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-14	4.3	4.2	0.25	-	4.01	0.17	24	1.6	1.6	1.0	0.2	0.1	0.0	1.3
14-22	4.6	4.3	0.05	-	3.14	0.14	22	1.4	1.4	0.2	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.3
22-32	4.8	4.6	0.02	-	1.68	0.07	24	0.8	0.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
32-50	4.5	4.3	0.02	-	0.23	0.02	12	0.8	0.7	0.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.2
50-89	4.7	4.3	0.02	-	0.09	-	-	0.6	0	0.0	0.0	0.1	0.0	0.1
89-130	5.0	5.0	0.02	-	0.00	-	-	0	0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0
130-150	4.7	4.2	0.01	-	0.02	-	-	0.7	0.7	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	0

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-14	15	8.5	123	14.0	-	19	0
14-22	4	6.8	126	11.0	-	21	0
22-32	5	3.8	48	5.9	-	18	0
32-50	12	1.7	13	0.8	-	41	0
50-89	8	1.2	11	0.3	-	0	0
89-130	0	0.2	11	0.0	-	0	0
130-150	0	1.0	17	0.1	-	70	0

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-14	-	-	-	0.30	0.00	0.10	0.30	-	-	-	0.10
14-22	-	-	-	0.30	0.10	0.10	0.30	-	-	-	0.00
22-32	-	-	-	0.40	0.10	0.10	0.30	-	-	-	0.10
32-50	-	-	-	0.10	0.00	0.20	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
50-89	-	-	-	0.10	0.10	0.20	0.10	-	-	-	0.00
89-130	-	-	-	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	-	-	-	0.00
130-150	-	-	-	0.00	0.10	0.10	0.00	-	-	-	0.00

Clay mineralogy

Depth (cm)	Chlorite	Feldspar	Gibbsite	Goethite	Halloysite	Hematite	Kaolinite	Mica / illite	Mixed-layer	Quartz	Smec	Vermiculite
0-14	-	small	medium	-	-	-	medium	-	small	small	-	-
14-22	-	small	medium	-	-	-	medium	-	small	small	-	-
22-32	-	small	medium	-	-	-	medium	-	small	small	-	-
32-50	-	small	large	-	-	-	medium	-	small	small	-	-
50-89	-	small	large	-	-	-	medium	-	small	small	-	-
89-130	-	medium	small	-	-	-	small	-	small	large	-	-
130-150	-	medium	small	-	-	-	medium	-	small	small	-	-

Profile description

Ah1 0-14 cm	(10YR 2/1.5, moist)silt loam,moderate medium subangular blocky and moderate fine subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many fine interstitial pores and few tubular pores,clear smooth boundary to,
Ah2 14-22 cm	very dark grey (10YR 3/1, moist)silt loam,strong coarse subangular blocky,slightly sticky slightly plastic,many fine interstitial pores,clear wavy boundary to,
Bw 22-32 cm	silty clay loamstrong coarse subangular blocky,slightly sticky slightly plastic,common fine tubular pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
Bt1 32-50 cm	sandy loammoderate medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many medium distinct mottles,broken thin clay on pedfaces cutans,many fine tubular pores and many interstitial pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bt2 50-89 cm	pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4, moist)sandy loam,moderate medium subangular blocky and moderate coarse subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many medium distinct mottles (10YR 5/8),broken thin clay on pedfaces cutans,many fine interstitial pores and few tubular pores,gradual smooth boundary to,
2C1 89-130 cm	(2.5Y 8/no, moist)Description sand,strongly coherent massive,weakly cemented duripan pans,abrupt smooth boundary to,
3C2 130-150 cm	light grey (2.5Y 7/2, moist)sandy clay,moderate medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many distinct mottles (10YR 7/6),

Remarks on Parent Materials	may be buried
Soil Depth	89cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy

Altitude	51m
Physiographic Unit	moderately dissected plain
Physiographic position of the site	upper slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	2%
Slope Aspect	east
Form of the slope surrounding the site	convex
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	undulating

Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	well
Flooding frequency (FAO, 1986)	never
Depth to groundwater table	150cm
Kind of ground water table (USDA, 1979)	groundwater table observed
Moist From - To	0-150cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	moderate

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Slaking of aggregates by tillage, rainfall or frost (USDA/SCS, 1979)	no surface slaking/crusting observed
Micro relief type: small-scale differences in relief in the direct vicinity of the site (FAO, 1986)	termite/ant mounds
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Indonesia 38: Acrisol

Characteristics

Reference soil ID038: Acrisols

Classification