Reference soil Indonesia 40: Umbrisol

ID040

Umbrisols occur mainly in regions where precipitation exceeds considerably the evapotranspiration. They are dominantly associated with acid parent materials.

Characteristics

Soils having an umbric horizon (deep, brownish or blackish surface horizon with a significant accumulation of organic matter and low base saturation). They have no diagnostic horizons other than an anthropedogenic horizon less than 50 cm thick, or an albic or cambic horizon.

Distribution of Umbrisols (rough estimation supplied by soilgrids)

Reference soil ID040: Umbrisols

PARENT MATERIAL: sapric/mucky sand, covered by peat. ADDITIONAL NOTES ON PROFILE DESCRIPTION: Ap - structure form 1 breaks into weak fine crumb to subangular blocky structure. Bw - mucky texture. C1 - very few medium roots, mucky texture. C2 - quartz.

Classification

WRB 2006

Haplic- Umbrisol (Humic Hyperdystric Pachic)

0-120 cm

umbric horizon

0-120 cm

umbric horizon

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1988

FAO-UNESCO-ISRIC 1974

Pachi-Humic Cambisol phreatic

Humic Cambisol phreatic

0-120 cm

umbric A horizon

0-120 cm

umbric A horizon

Local classification:	Organosol Saprik

Physical characteristics

Particle size distribution

Depth (cm)	Gravel % v/v	very coarse sand % w/w	coarse sand % w/w	medium sand % w/w	fine sand % w/w	very fine sand % w/w	Total sand % w/w	coarse silt % w/w	fine silt % w/w	Total silt % w/w	Clay % w/w
0-14	-	0.4	5.2	17.5	21.2	9.1	-	6.8	15.0	-	24.8
14-37	-	0.3	6.7	30.8	36.3	12.8	-	3.5	6.7	-	2.9
37-120	-	0.7	9.6	27.0	32.0	10.8	-	5.5	7.7	-	6.6
120-	-	1.9	9.3	29.8	37.0	10.8	-	5.1	3.3	-	2.9

Water retention characteristics

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	Spec. Surf. Area m²/g	COLE cm/cm	Water disp. clay %	Clay % w/w
0-14	-	-	-	1.0	24.8
14-37	0.500	-	-	0.4	2.9
37-120	0.570	-	-	2.3	6.6
120-	-	-	-	0.9	2.9

Other physical data

Depth (cm)	Bulk density kg/dm³	pF 0 % v/v	pF 1.0 % v/v	pF 1.5 % v/v	pF 2.0 % v/v	pF 2.3 % v/v	pF 2.7 % v/v	pF 3.4 % v/v	pF 4.2 % v/v
14-37	0.500	77.3	72.2	63.3	56.9	53.8	50.2	9.5	9.3
37-120	0.570	71.8	70.7	66.0	61.4	58.7	55.8	13.1	13.1

Chemical data

Depth (cm)	pH H2O	pHKCl	EC 1: 2.5 dS/m	CaCO3 % w/w	C % w/w	N %	C / N	Exch. Acid cmol(c)/kg	Exch. Al cmol(c)/kg	Ca cmol(c)/kg	Mg cmol(c)/kg	K cmol(c)/kg	Na cmol(c)/kg	Sum Cations cmol(c)/kg
0-14	4.9	4.5	0.20	-	15.70	-	-	2.2	1.8	1.5	0.6	0.2	0.1	-
14-37	5.1	4.9	0.04	-	6.27	-	-	0.5	0.2	0.2	0.1	0.0	0.0	-
37-120	5.1	4.7	0.02	-	8.13	-	-	1.4	1.1	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	-
120-	5.3	4.8	0.02	-	0.35	-	-	0.4	0.4	0.0	0.0	0.0	0.0	-

Depth (cm)	Base sat. %	CEC soil cmol(c)/kg	CEC clay cmol(c)/kg	CEC org cmol(c)/kg	ECEC cmol(c)/kg	Al sat. %	ESP %
0-14	-	-	-	55.0	-	-	0
14-37	-	-	-	21.9	-	-	0
37-120	-	-	-	28.5	-	-	0
120-	-	-	-	1.2	-	-	0

Depth (cm)	pH NaF	P Retention %	ODOE	Al o % w/w	Si o % w/w	Fe d % w/w	Al d % w/w	Fe p % w/w	Al p % w/w	C p % w/w	Fe o % w/w
0-14	11.6	81	-	2.60	0.10	0.40	1.70	0.40	2.50	-	0.40
14-37	11.6	81	-	3.00	0.20	0.50	2.10	0.40	2.60	-	0.50
37-120	11.7	83	-	3.00	0.10	0.10	1.90	0.10	3.00	-	0.10
120-	10.4	23	-	0.30	0.10	0.00	1.40	0.00	0.20	-	0.00

Profile description

Ap 0-14 cm	black (10YR 2/1, moist)silty clay loam,weak fine and medium subangular blocky,friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,gradual smooth boundary to,
Bw 14-37 cm	black (5YR 2.5/1, moist)silt loam,weak medium subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many fine tubular pores and many tubular pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C1 37-120 cm	(7.5YR 2/no, moist)silty clay loam,very weak medium subangular blocky,very friable slightly sticky slightly plastic,many fine tubular pores and many tubular pores,abrupt smooth boundary to,
C2 120- cm	(5Y 8/1.5, moist)structureless single grain,

Depth1	120cm
Kind 1 (parent material) ; Parker (eds), 1984	organic material
Kind 2 (parent material) (second entry); Parker (eds), 1984	organic material
Mode of accumulation or deposition of parent material (second entry)	organic sediments
Soil Depth	120cm
Texture of parent material	sandy
Texture of parent material (second entry)	sandy

Major crops	coconut
Land use or vegetation in the immediate vicinity of the site	arable farming
Remarks on Land Use / Vegetation	VEGETATION: Kebun (plantation): also banana and alang-alang

Altitude	15m
Physiographic Unit	assoc.dome, slightly flat 1-2%
Physiographic position of the site	lower slope
Regional landform; McDonald, R.C., Isbell, R.F. et all, 1984; Australian soil and land survey Field Handbook, Inkata Press, Melbourne.	plain
Slope	1%
Slope Aspect	south
Form of the slope surrounding the site	straight
Topography; Guidelines for soil description - Fourth edition (FAO, Rome, 2006)	flat or almost flat

Lower limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	120cm
Drainage class ; FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description	poor
Depth to groundwater table	120cm
Moist From - To	0-120cm
Estimated permeability (class) of least permeable part of the profile	high
Upper limit of a slow permeable or stagnating layer in the profile	0cm
Wet From To	120cm

Evidence of alkali ; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-alkaline
Surface cracking	no cracks observed
Rock outcrop class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none
Evidence of salt; Soil Survey Manual USDA, 1951	non-saline
Surface stoniness class (FAO (2006) - Guidelines for soil description)	none

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Reference soil Indonesia 40: Umbrisol

Characteristics

Reference soil ID040: Umbrisols

Classification